ICCPP - 2019

Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://192.248.9.226/handle/123/21889

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7th International Urban Design Conference on Cities, People and Places (Per Text)
(Department of Architecture, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, 2019-11-14) Dayaratne, R
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Activating city through kinetic spaces: a case of Aluva Manappuram
(Department of Architecture, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, 2019-11-14) Abraham, JT; Jinoj, M; Dayaratne, R
Incredible urban communities over the world have truly been characterized by the nature of their open spaces more than the design magnificence of individual buildings. The activities taking place in such spaces influence the character of the city. One such activity which highlights that the place is not static is Festival events. It is a city in constant motion, where the very physical fabric is characterized by the kinetic. Such non-static cities encourage urban transformations over economy, politics and culture over the static city. Aluva, a town in Kerala, India, derives its unique identity from once-in-a-year activity of ‘Shivarathri’ festival which specifically happens at the ‘Manappuram’ (sandbanks) of Periyar River. However, this space is left underutilized for the rest of the year leading to several undesirable activities resulting in safety concerns, crimes, waste dumping etc. This paper evaluates how the festival affects the town and neighborhood and how the non-static nature of space, during the rest of the year, can be harnessed for its benefit, thus making it into an asset for the town. Participant observation during the festival and over the course of the year is carried out to analyze the spatial quality. Accessibility, safety, nature of enclosure in relation to kinetic spaces are analyzed in this paper. The study concludes on how the kinetic spaces can be designed and managed as an asset for the cities.
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Adaptation of biophilic design strategies in urban environments for optimizing the user comfort; study of entrance spaces in academic environments
(Department of Architecture, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, 2019-11-14) Senthuran, G; Wijesundara, J; Dayaratne, R
In generally architecture crafts in-built human tendency to associate with nature, inward the contemporary world directs to build environment to be vital approach towards humanitarian design including physical and mental wellbeing. The idea of humanitarian build environment generates biophilic design intervention to understand the human evolution in adaptive re-joining factors to natural and human created forces. The confront of biophilic Design in urban environment is to state the lack of coherent and the user comfort of passionate built fabric in the urban tissue. Biophilic Design pursue to produce respectable territory to people through establishing the strategies and frameworks by better architectural practice. The thesis sets out to speculate on how biophilic design strategies contribute to optimize user comfort in urban environment examines the selected building entrance spaces in educational environment. The study argues that, the use of biophilic strategies and impact of using the strategies in urban spaces to improve the quality of the academic entrance spaces, how these spaces are influenced by the culture of the community, and design strategies that can be evolved in the earliest with humility and understanding in urban spaces. Based on the review of building documentation, interviews and building output analysis, the thesis evaluates and critiques on strategies of Adaptation of Biophilic design, in particular: (1) how effectively biophilic elements are adopted in urban places and (2) how these elements can be productively incorporate with cultural impact to comfort and healing, in the entrance space of academic environment. The research concludes that adaptation of biophilic elements in academic environment can provide comfort and healing, and this will be affected by cultural specific attributes.
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Aesthetic aspects of infill architecture in heritage city; a study with reference to Kandy
(Department of Architecture, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, 2019-11-14) Subhashani, DMGC; Dayaratne, R
Development of a city is a unique historical process, which has grown up over centuries and derived its shape and appearance. The concept “Caring cities” form on the ground in terms of the tangible “experience” of our cities. The physical structure of a city is the result of the order of the built form, which is a creation of man of living. Within this physical structure, built fabric becomes the most important component, as it contains of people that creates the image of the city. To liveable and lovable, cities need to be continuously cared for and managed. The unified environment is harmonious and has a distinctive architectural character and townscape value. When designing an infill building in a heritage context, it is essential to consider about the aesthetic aspect and contextual design. Previous studies have focused on compatibility of new buildings and their surroundings but not on the aesthetical features that are needed to preserve its cultural harmony. Making guidelines is not the sole purposes of infill designing in a heritage context but also there should be a better understating of visual harmony which makes the sense of the place and the aesthetic value of the buildings. Such as mass, colour rhythm proportions etc. The author suggests five aesthetic design strategies that the author has developed according to Davis (2003), Semes (2007) and Shane (1976). Those five strategies were applied to the selected ten buildings in three different streets in Kandy city namely Dalada Veediya, Temple Road and Deva Veediya were examined. The design of infill buildings should respect the aesthetic character of the context and it should be harmonious with the surrounding. This research is based on existing vulnerable situation of Kandy and inappropriate maintaining process of historic city by infill architecture. Facilities for the city have been provided according to needs of the city without considering any value. This undesirable growth can be seen as breaking position of the linkage of past, present and future situation of the city. Therefore it is necessary to use proper methods to fulfil aesthetic sense of infill buildings.
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An analytical study to ascertain the influence of art movement of the 43 group on the work of Geoffrey Bawa
(Department of Architecture, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, 2019-11-14) Hallock, Y; Weliange, D; Dayaratne, R
To understand buildings and environments, we must first understand the society and culture in which they exist. The most famous and profound architectural trends from Renaissance architecture to the Bauhaus movement found root in fine art movements, which in turn were representative of the changing ideals and values in the societies and cultures in which they were birthed. This paper will look to establish the role of art in architecture and to what degree an eminent architect of the 20th century influenced and has embraced art in architecture. In doing so the research draws reference to the New Art Movements that emerged in the West in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries and how it shaped the birth of the Modern Movement in architecture. It then shifts focus to the local context; Sri Lanka at the brink of independence, the oppression of colonial rule and subdued tradition, the emergence of a modern movement in Sri Lankan art through the 43 Group which was supported by a cohort of thinkers with a pro nationalistic outlook, and the subsequent emergence of a new architectural trend; tropical modernism through the work of Geoffrey Bawa. The work of both the 43 Group and Geoffrey Bawa have been studied to great extent individually yet not side by side. The research draws similarities between three recurring themes in the artist's work as identified through literature alongside three recurring architectural features in the architect's work identified through the case studies. It draws conclusion with expert opinions and thoughts from individuals who have either closely associated with Geoffrey Bawa and members of the 43 Group or those who have studied their work extensively.
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Appraisal of traditional built form of bikaner: climatic design strategies and sustainability
(Department of Architecture, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, 2019-11-14) Kamal, MA; Dayaratne, R
The increasing consumption of energy has led to environmental pollution resulting in global warming and ozone layer depletion. Therefore to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases, caused by fossil fuels to power the cooling requirement of the buildings, it has stimulated the interest towards exploring climate conscious architecture. The traditional houses of Bikaner, a town in India’s desert region are climate responsive which have evolved from centuries of experience and observations of climate and nature. These buildings, therefore, can be studied as models of environmentally responsive and sustainable architecture. This paper evaluates specific traditional architecture of Bikaner and their response to climate, especially the natural cooling systems in hot and dry climate, which can be adapted to current architectural practice in the region, in order to optimize the relationship between site, building and climate. The methodology adopted in the research is through qualitative analysis. The objective of this paper is firstly to determine various climate responsive passive design features that have been employed in the traditional architecture of Bikaner, secondly how successful these features are in moderating the thermal environment in the traditional houses.
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Caring neighbourhoods in managing cities for transforming futures
(Department of Architecture, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, 2019-11-14) Wijesundara, J; Weerasinghe, UGD; Perera, R; Dayaratne, R
City performance ensures references to the spatial form of the city or any built environment as places for people. The quality of a place is a result of the combined effect of place and society that inhabits in it. In managing cities, it is important to understand behavior of different social groups reflected in urban formation and transformation. Several performance dimensions are identified in Good City forms; it should be vital, sensible, well fitted, accessible, well controlled and all of these are achieved with integrity and internal efficiency. They are the collective experience of urban form of a city; at local community space levels, giving birth to neighbourhood sustainability. As an important concept in Planning and Architecture, Sustainability has become vital in contemplation of cities. In the development of neighbourhoods, it has received lesser attention particularly in the context of developing countries for some reason. However, cities cannot be considered sustainable and cared, if constituent neighbourhoods, do not meet sustainability measures. It is clear that the urban form of a city is constantly facing to challenges in transforming into futures, and therefore, should with-stand to impending social, environmental and economic requirements of the neighbourhoods; where people live in and work at. This paper attempts to discover the sustainable identity of a selected residential neighbourhood in Colombo inner city limits as a case sample, to recognize its determinant factors in design formation. Further it investigates the means of improving and maintaining them, to be preserved as long lasting, great urban neighbourhoods. This will address the essentials in caring such urban neighbourhoods as distinctive living entities, which are momentous constituents of changing city.
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Conflicting interactions between elephant habitats and human settlements; a case of Hambanthota
(Department of Architecture, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, 2019-11-14) Herat, HMM; Abenayake, C; Wattege, P; Fernando, KD; Dayaratne, R
Conflicts between human and elephants are one of the most widespread regional issues in Sri Lanka, particularly in the dry zone. Moreover, human-elephant conflict is increasing, predominantly in areas where expansion of human settlements cultivation, water sources and other developments. Human-elephant conflicts in these regions are increasing despite the management interventions of the government authorities. The impact of human-elephant conflict may take several forms including human death, agricultural crop losses, infrastructural damages and disturbances to the daily routine of the community such as travel to work and school. Habitat fragmentation and habitat loss can be considered as the main reasons for increasing human-elephant conflicts. Habitat fragmentation can be defined as a landscape ecological process involving both habitat shrinking and the dissection of habitat. There is a strong relationship between the habitat fragmentation and the habitat loss. This research work analyses how habitat fragmentation as a process affects on habitat loss of elephants and human-elephant conflicts in Hambanthota region. Therefore, this research questions the causative factors for increasing elephant human conflicts in Hambanthota region based on the information collected through secondary sources, key informant interviews and field observations. Further this research discusses how to manage the human settlements development coherent with the biodiversity particularly elephants’ habitats. The paper recommends how to adopt the concept of co-management in order to achieve the twin objectives of biodiversity conservation and safeguarding human security in the process of spatial strategy making.
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Creative learning spaces: a user perspective analysis about the impact of design studio spaces on creativity
(Department of Architecture, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, 2019-11-14) Promod, S; Pathiraja, M; Dayaratne, R
The learning process and learning environments have an unbreakable, embodied relationship. In almost all instances, learning environments has a negative or positive influence on the learning process of students. In other words, it creates an undeniable psychological impact which may have the capability of changing the entire life of the students in the future. Though the learning environment is a governing factor of the learning process, designers usually do not pay much attention to that particular fact. Thus, the traditional classroom typology has been repeatedly and unscientifically used all throughout history. In this research paper, the concept of creativity has been defined using a variety of theories and interpretations and a comprehensive framework for assessing creativity has been established. Also the paper analyses literature on creative learning spaces and develops a theory to be used as a guideline in evaluating the quality of such spaces. A detailed description of the methodology in which the research is carried out and how the two frameworks derived in the previous chapters connects to it is illustrated by the third chapter. The study concludes with a user perspective analysis where the perception of the students on studio spaces is used to investigate the relationship between spatial characteristics of space types in studios and intrinsic characteristics of creativity. The results indicate that there is a clear relationship between studio spaces and the creativity of students and that the spatial characteristics of studio spaces has a direct impact on the intrinsic characteristics of creativity. Thus, it is recommended that architectural design studios should be specifically designed with careful consideration of prioritized spatial characteristics relating to each space type. This will in turn aid in fostering the creative potentials of the minds of architecture students.
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Critical review on the role of place branding in reinforcing the identity of a historical city; with special reference to Galle fort
(Department of Architecture, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, 2019-11-14) Daluwatta, N; Wijesundara, J; Dayaratne, R
Place branding is a significant area of interest in developing countries which creates competitive advantages to places. There are many places which have potentials and resources that could be enhanced by collaborative approach of various fields including urban design, architecture, planning, marketing, policy making etc. Architectural contribution on place branding process does not limit to buildings or physical aspects but it is a comprehensive involvement regarding physical, social and economic well-being of a place and its people. Places are where different kinds of environments people live, including streets and squares. Space become a place when life occurs within it. Place brand is derived from existing assets of the place such as its value offering or public perception to it. Otherwise, it is derived from created assets, such as events, policies, abstract concepts, and so on. Branding is not simply the communication of strategy, a tagline, visual identity, logo or an advertising campaign. It is a strategic process for developing a long-term vision for the place, enabling a place to build on its existing strengths, make sense out of its present identity and build a future identity and image. Identity of a place is an orchestration of three elements; concept of place, the activity and physical characters and psychology. This study was conducted in a historically significant setting which is also declared as a world heritage. The objective of this study is to identify the potentials of place identity and social attributes that can be use as indicators for forthcoming redevelopments under place branding in a historical setting. A qualitative study was carried through single case approach. The selected Dutch city of Galle fort is celebrated for years on its historical value, significant architecture and living attributes of a multi-ethnic and multi-religious community. Yet, the study carried out has revealed major changes occurred in the place due to tourism and commercial related implementations both physically and socially. A monotonous experience is emerging in the functions, spatial patterns and visual images. Nevertheless, through the analysis undertaken place branding is identified as a constructive tool for revitalizing a traditional context in urban scale through meaningful participation. This paper proposes suggestions to preserve place identity and to use it as an implement to develop a place brand which encourages the attraction that will bring greater economic and tourism rewards to a place without compromising its honesty.
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Exploring the social spaces of organic and planned neighbourhoods of Dhaka
(Department of Architecture, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, 2019-11-14) Islam, ZH; Dayaratne, R
The objective of this paper is to search for the social spaces of the inhabitants within the planned and organic neighbourhoods of Dhaka. Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh has gone through a massive physical development in the last few decades and has faced changes and adjustments in its growth pattern due to socio-cultural, geo-climatical, technological and economic influences. The city with a high density due to the growth rate and migrating population from all over the country has a huge demand for housing and physical infrastructure. Beside the existing organic development, planned residential areas are dominating the market to serve this growing need. Both these types of neighbourhoods are the grounds of for the inhabitants’ lifecycle being nourished. The characters of these spaces vary in organic and planned residential area in terms of physical form and also in extent of activities and social interaction taking place in them. It is often speculated that the social needs of the inhabitants of these two types of neighbourhoods are not equally fulfilled and thus study is needed to dig deep into this matter. This paper is a reflection of a long time observation of the author and further research interest into this matter generates the need to identify the gap through this paper. This study tries to search for the spaces and the extent of interaction in the planned and organic neighbourhood and investigate the consistencies and variances within them through a comparative study between an organically grown and a planned neighbourhood in Dhaka.
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Factors that transform the building facades and impact on the place-identity in commercial streets: case study of hospital road in Jaffna
(Department of Architecture, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, 2019-11-14) Aloysious, A; Wijesundara, J; Dayaratne, R
Built fabric is a critical component of a city, contributing to the process of defining its cultural program, spatial volumes and visual dimension. City identity and character – in terms of sense of cultural belonging and place-identity, could not be generated through two-dimensional thinking and planning alone; expression, articulation and resolution of built form is indeed significant to define a much-needed image and place-identity for a city. Invariably, the built form demonstrates the cultural, religious and technical identity, possibility – and even inadequacy – of any given region. What built fabric express to the public, produces a perception of place-identity, purpose of this study is to mainly be focused on the root-cause which influences the visual image of the built fabric thereby the place identity. The process of analysis is based on a theoretical framework developed through a literature survey, and public feedback gathered through cognitive mapping. Though there are many studies based on the transformation of built fabric, there is a research gap on the aspects behind those transformations, which certainly needs to be explored further. Relying on the Place-Identity Theory, the study shows the understanding of place-identity at present is predominantly shifted towards transformed city fabric, and survey shows that this has resulted in creating a dislike towards it. Results of the study can directly be fed back to the function of architectural design, in order to develop cities with better sense of urban experience and spread awareness to create a variety of expressive meanings to prevail the proliferation of identity-less cities through urban transformation.
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Geo-spatial model validation in the context of low-land conversion due to households emerging in the Colombo sub-urban
(Department of Architecture, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, 2019-11-14) Hemakumara, GPTS; Rainis, R; Dayaratne, R
This study examines how individual households have been emerging in the low lying areas during the period 2005-2012 in the core study area of Colombo Metropolitan Region ( CMR) and also the process through which they have gradually established themselves as either stable or unstable households. Mass manipulation of geo-spatial factors in innumerable land plots has inevitably led to increasing negative environmental effects in the region. Hence, an attempt is made to build a geo-spatial model that can be used as a guide and index to help understand how the unending process of individual households emerging in the CMR. The primary focus of the study is comparison of main model data with validation model; hence, validation procedure of this study has been explained and compared with the main model. The typical individual household plot has been chosen as the unit of analysis. Information from 408 households was collected from the core study area to build the main model and perform validation and then the data was tested with a spatial logistic regression model. The main model indicated an accuracy of about 92.2% together with high significance levels for 8 variables out of the total 19 variables namely Household income (HI), Ground water surface level (GWS), Public participatory practice (PPP),Permanent plants growing in plot (PPG), Rain water remaining in the plot (RWR), Skilled jobs (SKJ), Technical skills and adaptation (TSA) and Low lying related plants availability (LLP). Predicted probability value of each housing plot mapped with GIS can be seen with the spatial distribution displayed clearly. Accuracy of the model validation process is 85.09% that indicates compatibly well. Based on predicted probability value of each land plot, both models have been run together with field data from the geo-spatial information system
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How to establish the proactive defence system of public building space in the tourist area
(Department of Architecture, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, 2019-11-14) He, J; Dayaratne, R
The research objective of this paper is to prevent accidents that endanger personal safety by setting up a multi-level active emergency defence system in the public building space of the holiday tourist area. The current disaster prevention measures applied in the public building space don't play their defensive role effectively. The fatal problem of the public space defence research state of the past accidents is static, passive. In fact, the distribution of people in public space is movement and change; people in space are moving, and buildings will have dynamic changes in emergencies. The design of the active emergency defines system for the public space should draw on the research theory of dynamics, establish the research frame from the perspective of microscopic research of architecture and city, absorb the advantages of the current disaster prevention measures, and further develop new multi-levels. The design of the active emergency defence system of the public space, in response to various hazards including crime and noise etc. to protect the personal safety of the personnel present. The automatic & manual control of the active emergency system should be reversible and easy to maintain. The public building space studied in this paper is located in the tourist area. It mainly studies the design of the defence system and requires more technical priorities and difficulties. The active emergency defence system of the public building space in the tourist area should be active defence, supplemented by passive defence. On the basis of the set supporting facilities to meet the safety objectives, the operation of the multi-dimensional active emergency defence system should consider the instantaneous and dynamic nature of space defence.
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Impact of dutch forts on their urban context
(Department of Architecture, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, 2019-11-14) Wickrama, KA; Weliange, D; Dayaratne, R
The strategic locations of the Dutch Forts were built on an urban set-up based on ease of collection and export of spices, elephant tusks and other commodities. These points developed into urban areas centred around this focal activity. Currently even though they are in ruins or part ruins, they still stand in an urban setting which has developed around the said fortification since its inception. Eg: Jaffna, Mannar, Batticaloa. This paper looks at how the importance of these are still within an urban context and how they have shifted use from a defence post to a community use; administration, pleasure, living or tourism. It was built initially to keep the locals community away and now it is adapted to bring the community in. The socio-cultural change deals with how the colonisers dominated the fortifications and how currently the locals use it to solve their own problems and for emergencies. This study was carried out to develop a comprehensive understanding of the fortifications, its related socio-culture pertaining to the people and its locality during the time of colonial rule. Along with how adaptive reuse has been taken into consideration during conservation of these monuments for the betterment of the city it is in. The objective of this study was to document the reuse of the colonial forts on the coastal belt of Sri Lanka and assess whether the adapted reuse is sustainable.
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Impact of flora on sense of safety: a study of independence square, Colombo
(Department of Architecture, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, 2019-11-14) Vitanage, HN; Dharmasena, J; Dayaratne, R
Sri Lanka as a developing country, urban green spaces are important to physical and psychological well-being of the urbanites. These spaces play a vital role in balancing the green of the urban areas as well. Many natural and manmade elements are compromised in the aforementioned urban green spaces. Many researches have proven the importance of these elements in assuring psychological safety while inhabiting the urban public spaces. Among these elements flora plays a crucial role as it has many benefits to the human as well as for the environmental system. This study investigates the relationship between the flora and the sense of safety in the urban public spaces. For the identification of the parameters of the physical and psychological safety, Prospect Refuge Theory, concept of eyes on the street, information processing theory and many other related theories were analyzed. Through this literature survey; visibility, environmental satisfaction and wayfinding were selected as the parameters for the study. Independence Square, Colombo was selected as the case study as it is a functional public urban space which consists with plenty of flora. Primarily observations were done for the proper selection of the spaces and further validation was obtained through the supervisors and the peers. Thirty visitors to the premises were selected randomly for the questionnaire and the open-ended interviews. The results show that the moderately dense areas feel safer than highly dense areas and low dense areas. Darker places were rejected from the users while more visible spaces were selected as safer space. According to the findings visibility of the space is more important and flora density is more impacted on this parameter. Besides, Wayfinding and environmental satisfaction shows insignificant impacts on safety when compared with visibility.
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Impact of unregulated developments in urban villages of hyderabad city on outdoor thermal comfort
(Department of Architecture, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, 2019-11-14) Edupuganti, SR; Mukherjee, M; Dayaratne, R
Indian Cities are transforming at a frantic pace. As cities expand, villages and rural areas on the periphery become an integral part of the city fabric. Unregulated Developments are often a byproduct of urban villages formed by this frantic pace of development, especially in developing countries. Urban villages have some statutory provisions decentralized from the central city planning agencies that are often exploited. There is a morphological divergence in this transition resulting in unstructured and possibly unregulated development; the impact of which is not often delineated. This is further complicated by the disconnect between urban climate and urban planning. The morphological characteristics of the development have an impact on the outdoor thermal comfort that has a significant impact on the health and well being of the people. This study is focused on Hyderabad; the fourth most populous city in India that is rapidly expanding due to the advent of the IT industry. Presently, there are 175 urban villages in the Hyderabad metropolitan area. This paper evaluates the case of two urban villages Nizampet Village and Pragathi Nagar. Nizampet Village is an extreme case of exploitation of the urban village provisions leading to unregulated development while Pragathi Nagar has a stricter implementation. This presents an interesting case to study the impact of unregulated developments associated with the urban villages in Hyderabad city on outdoor thermal comfort while exploring the effect of morphological parameters like orientation, vegetation.
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Landscape architecture as a branding tool in marketing tourism: a study of resort hotels in southern coastal zone Sri Lanka
(Department of Architecture, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, 2019-11-14) Wickramasinghe, D; Dharmasena, J; Dayaratne, R
Landscape Architecture and hotel industry have a closer affinity considering its huge contribution for the growth, branding and attracting tourists. For a destination to be branded, it will be need more than one specification. When Architecture contributing in a one hand side Landscape Architecture is it’s the other hand. Hotel industry is Sri Lanka’s key driver of economic growth and the prominence. Sri Lanka gets many benefits from tourism industry because of many reasons such as its location, natural beauty, resources makes little island a paradise which nobody refuses a visit. Attracting tourists directs benefits to the destination branding and economical profits for the hotels in Sri Lanka. Selected study area is Southern coastal zone in Sri Lanka since many preferred tourism destinations has recorded in this part of the country. Nevertheless, hoteliers must go through competitive strategies to uplift their outcomes. This study will indicate strategies, theories and methods that can be applied to brand a tourism destination by attracting tourists through the applications of Landscape Architecture. This study will identify the existing constraints, indulgences regarding the resort hotels. Research problem specifies the interconnection between tourism and marketing, how does it involve with Landscape Architecture and how does current Landscaping strategies that have used in hotel industry helps with its growth will be discussed through the study. Data has collected for the research through online survey, interviews and questionnaires to gather qualitative and quantitative data. Findings shows that the tourists preferred more outdoor spaces in the hotels rather than stay in indoors. Therefore, the demand on Landscape features are higher than the other aspects. According to the analysis, as a conclusion Landscape Architecture elements and features can be considered as a main function and a branding tool in marketing tourism in hotel industry. These strategies and the outcomes can be used for any location with geographical similarities worldwide.
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Liveability standards for cities; an urban design framework
(Department of Architecture, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, 2019-11-14) Sathish, A; Kini, MK; Dayaratne, R
“A liveable community is one that has affordable and appropriate housing, supportive community features and services, and adequate mobility options, which together facilitate personal independence and the engagement of residents in civic and social life” (AARP, 2005). A broad concept, Liveability encompasses everything from basic human needs of food, shelter and security to higher order requirements of an individual and social material and immaterial well-being. Mercer’s Quality of Living Survey, which is the basis for both Global Liveability Index and Forbes Liveable Cities Ranking, looks at the criteria of Recreation, Housing, Economic Environment, Consumer goods availability, Public Services and transport, Political and Social environment, Natural Environment, Socio-cultural environment, School and Education, Medical and health considerations. Similarly, world over, most liveability indices focus on quantitative aspects of infrastructure availability that, while related to, are not themselves elements of the built environment, and the Urban Design components that ensure various facets of Community Liveability have not been looked into in detail. The Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD), Government of India, has developed a set of ‘Liveability Standards in Cities’ to generate a Liveability Index and rate cities. Here too, the focus is on urban infrastructure, and disregards how the built environment influences how people relate to each other, creates opportunity for community to form, and strengthens depth of our social networks which in turn facilitates social cohesion, cultural continuity, sense of place identity, and resilience of community. The disjunction between the supportive infrastructure that facilitate the urban life and inadequacy in addressing the basics of liveability in terms of urban design framework are addressed in this paper and focusing on high-density, mixed-use urban neighbourhoods, further attempts to supplement the ‘Liveability Standards in Cities’ with additional urban design criteria to make it a comprehensive tool to assess Liveability of Cities.
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Narration on demonstration of political power through use of architecture in post-conflict Colombo
(Department of Architecture, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, 2019-11-14) Katugaha, R; Botejue, P; Dayaratne, R
Architecture and political power have associated each other throughout the history. It is vital that architects have understanding on this nexus since they along pose the academic training and capacity in shaping the built environment. According to Lefebvre(1991) it is in this ‘space’ created by architecture, that we perceive, conceive and live. The study was intended to investigate on post-conflict Colombo in an attempt to understand the nexus between architecture and political power. The study intended to investigating ‘how’ architecture demonstrate political power and ‘what’ they intend to mean, thereby derive new learnings. The research was done in stages. First a theoretical framework was established in order to obtain a proper understanding of the subject. The next step was a literature survey to understand the context which was essential to understand the case study analysis. Furthermore, historical international scenarios where political power has been strongly evident were studied. The case study which was post-conflict Colombo (2009-2015) analysed in comparison to the theoretical framework, literature review and with broad range of evidence gathered through interviews, newspapers, magazines, videos, photographs, reports and many more. The study was broad and multi-disciplinary by its’ nature. Hence, the research had to be carefully narrowed down without compromising its’ very nature. Furthermore, since the research is investigating into social-physical phenomena which took place in a specific period of time in history, the analysis is conducted on narrative format, with the intention of describing it in holistic form. Following major facts were identified as conclusions; existence if a strong context or a situation; demonstration of power was through both the process of building and built form; symbolic representation had multiple identities.

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