ICCPP - 2017

Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://192.248.9.226/handle/123/22080

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5th International Urban Design Conference on Cities, People and Places ICCPP- 2017 - Pre Text
(Department of Architecture, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, 2017-10-20) Wijesundara, J; Dayaratne, R
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Gendered cinematic city: a case of Hyderabad cinema
(Department of Architecture, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, 2017-10-20) Thota, DK; Wijesundara, J; Dayaratne, R
The Hyderabad metropolis of India is one of the fastest growing cities with growing population. The city’s access to women and how women navigates and defines the city, and the gendered cinematic urban spaces is explored in this paper. The movies of Hyderabad which include the regional cinema released in the 2000s are analysed. The paper uses semiotics and discourse analysis to understand the nuances of the complex relationship of women and the city. The built environment directs the navigation of a person in the city but for women it is fraught with risk and the spaces laden with cultural and social signifiers. In literature and popular culture, the city is equated to the women and their body- both equally dangerous. The presence of women in the city spaces induces male anxiety. The city is a place for loose morals in the form of sex-workers, temptresses and uncontrolled female desire. The good women are always indoors. Women outside the domesticity spaces, has to declare her purpose. A woman out loitering for the pleasures of exploring, being and belonging to the city is not stressed and the paper tries to make a case for it. In this background, I study the films to try answer - How women in the cinematic city navigate and access the city? C ) t ry to d efine t he c ity girl r epresented i n t he c inemas D ) How modernity has freed the city women and is the new women here– in the movies.
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Study of metaphysical layer: connection of a city with people
(Department of Architecture, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, 2017-10-20) Zulfiqar, Z; Wijesundara, J; Dayaratne, R
A city has its own specific spirit and charm. That spirit gives the identity and uniqueness to city. In present fast paced environment where there is rapid urbanization, it is very important to know and maintain the core values of a city before implementing the physical development plans. With the better understanding of metaphysical realm we can create better physical realm of a city for its people.To explore and find out the invisible character of a city which makes it unique and which connect people with their city is helpful to maintain its individual character, identity and values in this age of globalization. To study this phenomena a city of Lahore is selected for this research. Lahore is the cultural capital of Punjab, Pakistan with rich history. It is discussed in number of ways by writers and researchers even poets. The layers of centuries old history of Lahore can still visible in its architecture and culture. The aim of the research is to study and understand the core values of a city and how people relate with those values.The metaphysical layer is studied by collecting the various thoughts and emotional affiliation expressed by famous authors and poet.
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Housing chain and factors affecting selection of housing in the Bangkok metropolitan region
(Department of Architecture, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, 2017-10-20) Srihabhak, S; Kaido, K; Takai, H; Wijesundara, J; Dayaratne, R
Industrialization is shifting to out of the Bangkok Metropolitan Region (BMR), while Bangkok is increasingly enhancing the function of service industries. The younger generation of Bangkok is becoming more educated, and changing their lifestyles including jobs, consumption, family image, and housing patterns. Housing development patterns changed drastically after the Asian Economic Crisis from 1997 to 1999. Suburban housing developments became less active, while inner city housing developments became more popularalong with mass transit lines such as the sky-train and subways. This study aims toclarify(1) residents’ attributes of the recent most popular private housing types such as detached/twin houses, townhouses, and condominium; (2) important factors for selecting present housingand factors affecting selection behavior; and (3) the changing pattern of residence, the so-called “housing chain” in the BMR. The data for the research was collected from a household activity survey and questionnaires completed by selected households in typical housing projects in the BMR. We clarify two types of housing chains. One is the conventional family-basedhousing chain from rental apartment or parents’ house to ownership of a condominium, townhouse, and detached/twin house. The selection of a townhouse or detached/twin house depends on residents’ affordability. The other is based on a new living style, wherein the condominium is the final housing goal in the housing chain for those who have a new family image such as DINKS, or those whoprefer the single life or are LGBT. This implies that housing policy should set a new policy target to supplysmall condominiums for single people or couples, not only housing for families.
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people’s negotiation of space in the context of urbanization and historic conservation in clan jetties, Malaysia
(Department of Architecture, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, 2017-10) Herath, K; Wijesundara, J; Dayaratne, R
Penang is a rapidly urbanizing city in Malaysia. Neo liberal urban development in Penang challenges the vernacular built environment of the city. The Urban fabric of Penang is rich with different traits of architecture from the West and the East. With the population density and the land values are going up, much of the local urban spaces are getting replaced by the “modern” high rises and other land uses. While the colonial legacy of Penang built environment has been recognized by the heritage discourse to be conserved, self-built and local spaces are being mostly ignored. Both urbanization and historic conservation impacts the transformation of Penang. Clan Jetties of Penang as a self-built settlement which was produced and transformed by ordinary people over the last century is facing the challenges of both urbanization and historic conservation. This paper elaborates how Clan Jetty residents negotiate the spaces in the context of urbanization in order to survive and maintain their sense of belongings to their neighborhood. UNESCO incorporated Clan Jetties to the Georgetown World Heritage site in 2008. Although this new designation of world Heritage saved Clan jetties from getting replaced, it also stopped the natural transformation process of the settlement. However, the modernization desire by people, and their agency in transforming their neighborhood despite the heritage guidelines imposed upon them. Clan Jetty residents who rejected the conversion of their neighborhood to a “modern” neighborhood as defined and designed by the Government are in the process of following their own instincts in making small changes in their neighborhood. This paper discusses this continuous process of production of spaces by ordinary people by analyzing and contexutualizing their stories.
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The wandering maps in the city of Bhubaneshwar
(Department of Architecture, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, 2017-10-20) Mishra, N; Wijesundara, J; Dayaratne, R
In everyday life, walking is either considered as an exercise or as necessity for conveyance. However, ‘the walk’ can create a complete new experience of the city – as Calvino describes in Invisible Cities. Walking produces space - the pedestrian city as contrasted with the city experienced in other ways. This paper seeks to describe the relationship of walking/wandering in the planned city of what Koenigsberger had imagined in Bhubaneswar in contrast to what the city now offers to a regular pedestrian. The paper will discuss walking in the city of Bhubaneswar, planned by Koenigsberger, the first post independence capital city,in the state of Orissa. The low scaled neighbourhood planned city was to accommodate the requirement of the modern life. Out of the eleven principles that the planner believed and integrated in the plans of Bhubaneswar, one of the main concept was to bind the city within convenient walking distances. Bhubaneswar has recently been the first in the list to be selected under the Smart City proposal in the country of India. The method includes analysis of walking through three parameters- the street, the public square and the alternative routes within the core city. The study is a documentation for further research in drawing cartographic and mind maps for the rapidly growing city to uncover its layers of growth.
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Bangkok street food phenomenon
(Department of Architecture, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, 2017-10-20) Maglumtong, M; Wijesundara, J; Dayaratne, R
In 2016, Bangkok was voted as the world’s best destination for street food for 2 consecutive years according to CNN. It shows that street food is very popular among both local and international tourist, a s i t i s d elicious, e asy access, and cheap. Its contributions to urban life go beyond their own informal employment, as it generates demand and supply for a wide range of services provided by other informal and formal workers: (1) as fast food providers, for low to middle-income workers, (2) as an economic activity, which generates income for urban poor, and (3) as a social connector for the variety of its consumers.Accordingly, This research aims to study on the phenomenon of Bangkok street food by examining the history and relationship between street fooddistribution, location, and other urban activities.Din Daeng, NongKhaem, Rat Burana, and Samphanthawong are four cases that were chosen for analysis in terms of ‘self-made’ public space and spatial identity. With this study, the well-planned and managed street food can be part of the city, which captures and responds to Bangkok’s urban contexts.And it will help to find solutions for s treet f ood t o b e included in policy terms as economic assets to cities, while endure in the city within the contemporary urban context.
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An investigation of public art and its role of increasing urban quality the case study area: Arayampathy, Batticaloa
(Department of Architecture, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, 2017-10-20) Yogalingam, A; Wijesundara, J; Dayaratne, R
In this modern world urban sculpture is considered as a cultural necessity in contemporary urban planning. Urban Sculpture can reaffirm or reveal a sense of place in a symbolic and visually stimulating way of evoking some aspect of the social, natural, cultural, physical, political, economic or historical context of the site and its locale.Typically, public artists produce site specific sculptures and prominent installations that add character and distinction to a development and the surrounding neighborhood. After studying the city planning critiques viewpoints about public art’s definition, nature and impact on city, this study evaluates the role of urban sculptures as a type of public art in enhancing public place quality in the sampled case study of Arayampathy town. As clearly shown by the topic, the aim of this research is to explore how urban sculptures play a significant role to enhance the urban quality and urban character. This research was conducted through observations, photographic surveys, activity mapping, cognitive mapping analysis, interviews and discussions with those who live in the selected case study area. What resulted from this study was that through having the some possible qualities and public art features, city sculptures in the city of Arayampathy have the ability to improve the qualities like legibility, sense of place, and pleasure besides developing local people’s social interaction and local cultural identity.
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Comparative analysis between urban kitchen market and super-shops - focus on proper return on investment (roi) in sense of spatial utilization in the context of Dhaka, Bangladesh
(Department of Architecture, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, 2017-10-20) Tabassum, N; Parvez, PA; Wijesundara, J; Dayaratne, R
Kitchen market that means traditional retail market has always been an integral component of everyday lifestyle for the people of Dhaka city, Bangladesh. Its importance is profusely intensified in urban areas. In topmost cases, the supplies of these markets are not manufactured in the urban areas. So the kitchen market performs as a connecting platform of several functions. In a broader sense, it remains directly connected to the overall annual economic growth of a nation. Through ages, the necessity of the kitchen market is perpetual whereas its envelope characteristics i.e. shape, size, pattern, spatial organization is changing. Experiencing several metamorphic phases, presently it is config.d in the form of super-shops. Along with the present trend of modern lifestyle, the number of super-shops is on the rise. At present the urban population is densifying. Simultaneously the number of super-shops is swallowing to meet the demand. But land is a precious limited resource in any urban area. Now the question arises whether the portion of land or space used by a community for super-shops functions or kitchen markets is meeting the proper return on investment (ROI). We need to know that which financial category of population is served by the existing traditional kitchen markets and the super-shops. The main objective of the research aims at finding out the spatial utilization of a traditional kitchen market and modern super-shops. Furthermore a comparative overview between these two would be presented. The end result o f t his research m ay lead u s t o k now w hether which one between these two types gives the more ROI and may prevail in the future. A quantitative research method of data analysis is used for the research.
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Competition for urban space: analysis of spatial aspect of street vending in Pune city
(Department of Architecture, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, 2017-10-20) Panse, I; Raval, P; Wijesundara, J; Dayaratne, R
Streets are a stage for social interaction, commerce and act as determinant for character of the city. Among these activities, street vending is a dominant activity in Indian cities. The total number of street vendors in India is estimated at around 10 million, street vendors constitute approximately 2 per cent of the population of a metropolis in India as per WEIGO report. However, Street vendors are a part of de-regulated system. The study address this context with respect to Pune city, a growing metro in India. Pune city was also the first city to take policy directives for management of street vendors, in India. The objective of the study is to distinguish and establish types of street vending in the context of Pune City. The study tries to estimate space utilized by different types of street vending. It analyses the patterns of distribution of types of street vending and their characteristics. This, unravels the locational aspects of street vending which proves to be essential for successful policy making. Through questionnaires, the perception of other road users towards the activity of street vending is evaluated. The study uses quantitative and qualitative data. These include field notes, questionnaire survey of road users, field mapping and videography. Descriptive statistics such as means and frequencies were used to present the findings. The analysis of the data is based on percentages and simple cross tabulations, presenting empirical evidence to explore the spatial relations (location specific details) as against the types of street vendors. The overall research theme is analyzing the impact of Informal Street Activities on Urban Functions and Planning aspects. This research paper is based on initial studies and is a part of doctoral research.
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Understanding the territoriality in marginalized neighborhoods from occupants’ point of view special reference to Sammanthranapura, Mattakkuliya
(Department of Architecture, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, 2017-10-20) Athukorala, G; Wijesundara, J; Dayaratne, R; Wijesundara, J
The way territoriality is used and communicated can be varied from each other’s such as one person to other person, one culture to other culture. In an urban setting territoriality always plays a vital role to demarcate and communicate the appropriations. In rural areas, individual territoriality is the most prominent feature that people use to communicate their ownership. But when it comes to urban marginalized neighborhoods, that prominence changes from individual territoriality to group territoriality. Because territoriality is not just a strategy for marginalized people which shows the ownership. This research has explored how marginalized people generate territorial boundaries within their well-connected social neighborhoods and why it is that much important to them, from occupants’ point of view. Both personal observations and individual questionnaires are used methodologically to gather relevant data to understand occupant’s perception about territoriality. Except those primary data collection tools, activity maps and interviews also have been done. Finally, at the end, all the data collected under the three tendencies (classification, communication and control) were analyzed together. Research data and observations will support government agencies and architects who involves in designing new settlements for low income marginalized groups. Because these people are very sensitive with the social values which they have upheld from their previous neighborhoods. If the designer is clever enough to add those values in to the new housing settlement as appropriate, it will be a successive design. So, this research will help to understand territoriality in their neighborhoods.
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Resilient cities for the future : a case of Chennai
(Department of Architecture, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, 2017-10-20) Greeshma, P; Manoj Kumar, K; Wijesundara, J; Dayaratne, R
Fast pace of urbanisation and population growth is an imminent global challenge. The World Urbanisation Prospects of the United Nations suggest that more than 75% of the global population will concentrate in cities by the year 2050. The pressure of this population rise, on our cities and the concerned natural systems are bound to increase in the near future. Floods, cyclones, earthquakes, wildfires and heat waves made the year 2015 a devastating one for millions around the world, with 150 major natural disasters being recorded. Asia bore the brunt of these disasters with massive earthquakes in Nepal, floods in Chennai, heat waves hitting South India and Typhoon Komen inundating the Indian subcontinent, to cite a few examples. The changes in climate and the failures of physical systems make our cities vulnerable to disasters of various kinds leading to a physical collapse of that city. This research paper, deals with the concept of disaster resilience in this context and how this can be applied at the city, neighbourhood as well as the individual level. The intent of this paper is to develop a framework of strategies for an emergency response programme, taking a case of the Indian city of Chennai. The initial approach surveys in detail the way the city functions w.r.t the natural systems and looks into the city’s growth through the ages. The paper proposes an initial theory around the creation of an ideal emergency response model consisting of physical and technological networks that will come into play once a risk situation arises within a city. This model was first done at a generic level where it can be applied on to any city of any context. The major outcome of the research is the development of this unique model so as to place it in the city of Chennai considering its intricate labyrinth and functions.
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Modeling ageing population (60+ years) in Sri Lanka
(Department of Architecture, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, 2017-10-20) Jayatilake, A; Peiris, S; Wijesundara, J; Dayaratne, R
Population ageing is an universal phenomenon and it is expected to be among the most prominent global demographic trends of the 21st century. In Sri Lanka there was a rising trend of ageing population throughout the past years and has recorded the highest number of agers within South Asia. However, no sound statistical or mathematical models were developed to project ageing population in Sri Lanka. Using the population aged 60 years and above in Sri Lanka during 1950-2016, three types of statistical models: (i) ARIMA (0, 2, 1), (ii) exponential trend model, and (iii) double exponential smoothing model were developed. The models were compared using various statistical indicators and some statistical diagnostics tests. The comparison was done for both training set as well as validation set. Among these models the double exponential smoothing model was found as the best fitted model. According to the forecast derived from the best fitted model, it was found that the increasing trend of ageing population in the country will continue in the future and there will be approximately 2,936,000 ageing population in Sri Lanka in 2020. The information obtained this study is beneficial for planners and decision makers in the government sector and other relevant organizations to cater the needs of the increasing agers in the future of Sri Lanka.
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Impact of roadside landscape to driving behavior; a study with reference to southern highway
(Department of Architecture, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, 2017-10-20) Dharmasena, S; Edirisooriya, S; Wijesundara, J; Dayaratne, R
The highways, road networks, and other transportation links in cities hold an important role in connecting a network of cities but, at the same time, it had created more issues towards quality of the habitation when consider current cities. Lack of Safety on Roads becomes a major issue in the developed and developing world due to over population of humans as well as vehicles, which lead to many fatal incidents than any other course. There are many factors which affects accidents on roads and among those factors, the ‘Driving behavior’ plays a crucial role in Road Safety. Driving is an action of humans, which allows him/her motion through space from place to place. The road landscape creates the character and the spatial quality, of the space that the driver move through. The rate of information gathered from the surrounding context is vital to decide the driving safe. The accuracy of the information for a safe driving action depends on the visual perception of the driver. ‘Southern Expressway’, which was introduced recently, allowed people to move quickly from Western to Southern destinations of Sri Lanka and time to time accidents were also recorded. So, the spatial qualities of the existing road landscape might have impacted on the accidents happened on Southern Highway from its initiation, which was the hypothesis of the research. The study focused on identifying the spatial characteristics of Southern Highway by Data collection and Data analysis. Data is collected by two means, then analyzed based on accidents recorded and “Black-Spots” were identified, live recording of the expressway was analyzed to understand the spatial characteristics in the identified ‘Black-spots’. In conclusion, the study focus on to analyze the significant spatial characteristics of Road Landscape in Southern highway, and reveal that there is a direct influence from the spatial characteristics in identified accident Black-spots. The study conclude to analyze only three spatial characteristics, due to the scope and time limitations and there is an opportunity to further studies in many other spatial characteristics in road landscape.
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District cooling potential for mega developments in Sri Lanka
(Department of Architecture, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, 2017-10-20) Diminige, N; Attalage, RA; Wijesundara, J; Dayaratne, R
This paper presents the study related to existing buildings from a perspective of a district cooling system and its feasibility forthe projected mega developments in the country. This study is focused to show the District Cooling System (DCS) conversion suitability for a cluster of existing buildingsin the city of Colombo.Nine large scale buildings in Colombo having central air conditioning systems and having different cooling load patterns are selected for the study. The estimated cooling demand profile shows that the maximum cooling demand of the system is around 6,000 TR. Five suitable chiller options are considered for the cooling production based on the total capacity of the district cooling system and profile of the overall cooling demand.The maximum and minimum electrical energy savings that can be achieved by switching to the DCS from the existing individual systems are 6.42 and 5.67 million kWh per year. This energy savings is expected to result in a reduction in coal usage (assuming 60% of electricity generating by coal and oil, and rest by hydro) by about 1420 and 1240 tons per year respectively and reduction in CO2 emission of about 4,990 and 4,365 tons per year respectively.Discounted Cash Flow Analysis indicates that the best option has a NPV of LKR 396 million, IRR of 13.5% and benefit to cost ratio of 1.35. The sensitivity analysis of the best option reveals that even with the worst combined effect of the various parameters, the DCS is viable as it has a NPV of LKR 87 million, IRR of 11.8% and benefit to cost ratio of 1.07. Consequently, DCS is viable to implement in Colombo under the conditions and assumptions employed. It could be concluded that DCS could be a viable option for the forthcoming Colombo Port City Project and MegapolisDevelopment Projects since they can be implemented smoothly by planning the piping distribution network into the master plans of the projects.
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Social networks and spatial character a study of socio-spatial transformations of open spaces in traditional neighbourhoods of Indian cities
(Department of Architecture, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, 2017-10-20) Subhedar, N; Wijesundara, J; Dayaratne, R
The present paper is part of an ongoing Doctoral Research which engages in the documentation and evaluation of the mutual relationship between the tangible aspects of traditional Indian cities and the socio-spatial aspects of living processes therein. It explores the physical transformations in terms of enclosures, edges, movement systems, visual qualities, other physical and spatial aspects of an urban space affecting the social interactions within the city, with its perceptual aspects of urban spaces within the proposed research domain and examines the quality of human behaviour. Eventually, focuses on intervention strategies of regeneration of open spaces in the core by striking a balance between the acts of preservation of the image and a development agenda which augments living conditions that generate a cohesive and integrated humane community. (Human-centric, heritage sensitive). In the course of development of the paper shall discuss how socio-spatial interactions have influenced the formation of traditional Indian cities over the history? It will look into crucial periods of urban development history, changes in social behaviour in the city and situate the study in the context of existing socio-spatial networks. It will specifically examine the role of collective spaces in the traditional old cores, which includes spaces in and around, city level artefacts, everyday open spaces - their relationship with habitants and activities in them. This will be done with examples from Indian Cities with a commentary on how such spaces have evolved with time at varied urban scales (urban area, urban block, unit level) illustrating how these enclosures and edges conditions are considered to be the major influencing factors, with which the socio-spatial aspects potentially interact. (Palaiologou & Vaughan, 2012). Cases from India will be presented to show: evolved spatial patterns, typologies and forces that shape open spaces and built form, transforming public-private interfaces and changing neighbourhood profiles leading to deserted communities in the present-day context in core cities. Finally, leading to, a quest to present the city as a living organism, will examine design and planning frameworks and guidelines to evolve 'humane urban space.'
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exploring the elements of urban metarmophosis that sustain the place integrity of historic urban centres: the case study of Slave Island, Colombo
(Department of Architecture, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, 2017-10-20) Edirisinghe, D; Wijesundara, J; Wijesundara, J; Dayaratne, R
Cities around the world have experienced unprecedented changes in their economy, environment and society due to rapid globalization and urbanization. Contemporary colonial cities of South Asian countries are dynamic, rapidly growing and continuously changing. Thus, urban transformations and mutations are not a new phenomenon, but rather a continuous process. A historic city and its heritage enables people to better understand previous generations and the history of where they came from, and offer place integrity and unity in the city. The study scoped within the discussion of urban metamorphosis in relation to morphological elements in Slave Island. Slave island is a Colonial city with vast collection of old buildings, yet serves as a home to all aspects of social and cultural urban life. It is an example for “Utilitarian architecture” where it comprises different kind of structures, designed and built by architects and non- architects in public and private spaces. This bustle commercial hub which has a dominant character of urban transformation where it sustains the historic authenticity while responding to urbanization. In such cases population of communities endures place integrity in the heart of old city. The objective of this study is to examine the engagement of social activities in development which incited place integrity. Further it aims to study the factors which preserved within the historical setting in relation to the elements of urban metamorphosis. The urban mutations of the existing physical structures have interconnections with social, economic, cultural and other aspects. Continuous urban growth, diversified activities, and social perception will always mutate the cities. Certain parameters have taken to measure Place integrity and identified the sense of place to analysis the sustained historic authenticity of this situation. Further the research has identified socio-cultural relationship of transforming urban setting.
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Urban sustainability - street charater, infrastructure & identity
(Department of Architecture, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, 2017-10-20) Pereira, MJ; Wijesundara, J; Dayaratne, R
The radical transformation of the natural environment that began towards the end of the eighteen century affected humanity, where no humane tradition or even plain self-respect acted as a brake to all out spoil, cities grew into non cities and so we have not seen our cities as they are. Urban patterns are the identification of the uniqueness of an urban city. Cities growing up with a past pace and as you see urban scenario is also changing with a great development, urban fronts are adding up to urban scenarios as you see development happing in both ways on a city level and on urban level .In cities even small town and streets are adapting few more techniques to catch up with the growing development. Street functioning and market places are also turning up to be development areas and development fronts. As this scenario is changing on urban front small cities and villages are also adapting to the fast pace development. Our City planning manifesto including political agendas always talk about new developments & growth, but sustainability always remains a missing link. Development alone can never be a right approach for a developing nation if sustainability is not being considered an integral part of its planned/ proposed development agendas. The true success of any developed country lies in striking a chord between development and environment; in achieving sustainable development. This stays true for all developed countries across the world, which are at present going through a modern-era revolution i.e. Urban Sustainability. In India, green and sustainability terminologies had been introduced recently, yet it is popular among only a few stakeholders of the society rather than being treated as a mass movement. Keeping in mind the current and future expected population growth of our country, thinking about ‘Development’ alone will not be sufficient for the overall sustainable growth of our country. Development and Urban environment are in fact two sides of the same coin. Hence a balance between the two entities has to be ensured at all times for sustainable growth.
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A study on the impact of cultural tourism on urban landscape with reference to the city of Kandy
(Department of Architecture, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, 2017-10-20) Wanigasekara, R; Dharmasena, J; Wijesundara, J; Dayaratne, R
Cultural tourism is a vast industry that thrive inculturally significant cities in the world. It mainly focusses on the cultural and heritage value of a particular place which have the capacity to attract tourists. The cultural cities have changed theirforms and patterns of living in a verity of ways for the purpose of fulfilling the requirements of these tourists. Kandy is onesuch popular cultural cityandrecognizedas a world heritage city by the UNESCO in 1988. The adaptations of the inner cityof Kandy for the purpose of cultural tourism industry has altered the pattern of the society as well as the built landscape. For this study, the urban landscape is understood as a combination of physical and social elements of the urban environment. The impacts from these adaptations have changed the mosaic of theurban landscape drastically. Of several factors which are affecting such changes of the urban landscape due to the cultural tourism industry, four factors; environment, services, events and society were identified asrelevant to Kandythrough a pilot study. Themain study is focused on the impacts of those factors on urban landscape in Kandy with reference to the cultural tourism industry. The data and information were collected through interviews with different resource persons involved in the cultural tourism industry as well as the photographs of the city of Kandy. The analysis proves that the environment and events in the field of cultural tourism have a positive impact on the urban landscape in Kandy, whilst in terms of services and societyreflect a negative impact on the urban landscape of Kandy. A proper balancing of these factors are required for the sustainable continuance of the cultural tourism industry in Kandy. The negatively impacted factors must be identified properly to give the necessary solutions to minimize the negativity and positive aspects must be strengthen.
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Urban design for developing a sense of community in culturally-diverse neighbourhoods
(Department of Architecture, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, 2017-10-20) Bandara, V; Monteyne, D; Wijesundara, J; Dayaratne, R
A sense of community is a fundamental requirement for communities to thrive and prosper. However, in today’s multi-ethnic environments developing or maintaining a sense of community is becoming increasingly challenging especially in cities such as Calgary, Canada, which are experiencing rapid population diversification. Thus, there is a growing need for such cities to actively support their diverse populations in building a sense of community. Nearly a century of scholarship points to the link between the physical environment and social behaviour and recognizes the urban environment as a catalyst in enhancing a sense of community among citizens. However, assessments to identify how urban environments can facilitate a sense of community among diverse populations remain rare in urban planning and design. The aim of this case study was to identify how the physical environments can support building a sense of community among culturally-diverse populations, and thus identify strategies for making cities more resilient and sustainable in the face of rapid demographic changes. For this research, the Family Housing Complex at the University of Calgary was selected as a case study due to being a widely-diverse population living in a single neighbourhood. Using a number of observation techniques and interviews, the study focused on the diverse day-to-day encounters among residents to identify opportunities for developing a sense of community among them.

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