Master of Science in Textile Studies
Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://192.248.9.226/handle/123/15699
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- item: Thesis-AbstractEffect of softeners on colour fastness of reactive dyes(3/29/2011) Fernando, DS; Nandasena, VAThis research project is primarily aimed to study the influence of softeners on color fastness and shade variation of cotton fabric dyed with bi-functional reactive dyes. The commercial dyes selected for the study contained, both the fluoro triaging and vinyl siphoned reactive groups, in the same molecule. Four different shades of the CIBACRON FN reactive series were applied on 100% cotton knitted fabric by exhaustion method. Each fabric piece dyed was subsequently subject to the treatment by a softener. This was followed by the assessment of color fastness ratings for washing, light and Rubbing. Light fastness was assessed subjectively with the blue wool standard and is further confirmed objectively with the help of the spectrophotometer. The fastness ratings were compared with the softner-free samples of the same shade. This study has revealed that the treatment with softeners has resulted in a general improvement in wash and light fastness properties Polyethylene emulsion has adversely affected wash fastness irrespective of the shade. A significant reduction in the light fastness was evident when treated with cationic softeners. The dye, CIBACRON BRILLIANT BLUE FN-G has shown peculiar reduction in light fastness following treatment with all types of softeners. In addition to the above, certain other trends and patterns have also been noticed when analyzing the data collected.
- item: Thesis-AbstractTechnological improvements in garment dyeing & finishing for sustainable development(3/28/2011) Kumarasena, NWS; De Silva, NGHBurdens to the environment with industrialization have extended to a greater extent than the assimilating capacity of it. The textile wet processing is a heavy consumer of water and energy. It also discharges environmentally hazardous substances. But the apparel sector with their affiliated garment washing and dyeing plants is one of the main income generators in Sri Lanka. Hence the discovery of any mean to mitigate those impacts while sustaining the industry would be immensely useful. This study has focused on two main approaches to accomplish the sustainable development in the garment dyeing facility. The approaches are maximizing Right First Time dyeing and Implementation of the Cleaner production options. Majority of the textile dyeing plants in Sri Lanka does not maintain any statistics on Right First Time dyeing. The percentage is acutely low in Garment dyeing. The root causes for the dyeing defects and shade variations in the dyed garments are analyzed in detail in this study. Cause and effect diagram, which is considered to be a powerful tool among seven quality tools, was used here as the tool for the analysis. Preventive measures are suggested for each root cause, subsequently. Application of Cleaner Production options to the industry is another approach for the sustainable development. The novel technologies, which are affordable, such as Ultra low liquor ratio machines, improved efficient washing systems, were deeply reviewed in this study. Switching on to such technology changes is utmost important for industries in order to, not only for the environmental compliance but also for sustainability in competitive global market. Modification of processes and formulas by critically analyzing them and making trials on them was another proven mean for the sustainability. Possibilities of implementing 3R-Reduce, Reuse and Recycle on water and other resources were looked into in the project. Good house keeping procedures are highlighted options in Cleaner production and some of the quantified studies have been covered in this project. Plenty of new options in material substitutions, Process controls, new byproducts etc. are also suggested for the industries to implement in order to demonstrate world-class ecologically sound performance.
- item: Thesis-AbstractProcess improvement in denim washing(3/25/2011) Wickramasinghe, T; Nandasena, VAThis research study is primarily concerned with exploring the avenues for improving the denim washing process while minimizing environmental pollution and satisfying customer expectations. Since denim washing itself is involved with processing of dyes and chemicals that affect the environment, a total prevention of pollution cannot be expected. On the other hand denims are customer driven products and more fashionable out looks are always demanded and of which end result could also be producing a lot of impacts to the environment. So that it is necessary to control the washing processes and take every steps to minimize industry wastes and environmental pollution by employing alternative applications with learned limitations on the products and washing processes. This research attempts to examine process improvements in denim washing in three directions; product quality, process quality and environment pollution. In order to enhance customer satisfaction, garment quality is to be ensured against customer's stated and unstated needs while monitoring the washing process. The contributory factors in deter mining the quality of process are cost reduction, productivity improvement, waste minimization, optimum use of resources etc. In case of pollution prevention, water conservation, reuse of chemicals, waste minimization, waste recovery, effluent control, of environmental hazards etc. are examined. This study shows the means of increasing the quality of garments and productivity of processes. It proposes the use of bio-degradable enzymes in place of harmful chemicals .In case of preventing environmental pollution, fully compliance to legal requirements and regulations draws high priority. Above all, creation of an awareness on customer trends and behavior, denim washing, use of chemicals and enzymes, washing conditions etc. is essential.