FARU - 2018

Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://192.248.9.226/handle/123/14716

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item: Conference-Full-text
Appraising the influence of landscape design on traffic generated air pollution of urban parks
(2018) Rajapaksha, I; Ekanayake, M; Samarawickrama, S
Urban parks are predominant constituents of an urban design which contributes to enhance the quality of life of city dwellers. Location of an urban park is an important design decision and the Public Outdoor Recreational Space (PORS) standard of Sri Lanka prioritizes the criterion of easy accessibility of park users. As the air pollution levels exaggerates in localities closer to major traffic routes it’s vital to appraise the concentration of airborne pollutant levels in roadside parks. This study experimentally investigated roadside park of Independence Square (ISP) and the Water’s edge (WEP). Onsite field investigation was performed on a typical weekday and weekend of each park. Traffic induced air pollution levels are interpreted with the ultrafine particle number (PNC) concentration levels amalgamated with the outdoor microclimatic thermal parameters. Results explicitly confirm air pollution levels inside the parks are lower than the roadside. Mean PNC of the core of ISP is 93.4% lesser than the corresponding road. Mean PNC of the core of WEP is 83% lesser than the roadside. Reduction of pollution inside the park is inversely related to Crown volume coverage of trees. Impact of pollution levels on distance from the road closely follows the roadside pollution levels and the distance of high pollution zone is different in both parks. Thus the findings of this study informs far reaching landscape design implications in composition and layouts to promote less polluted roadside urban parks in developing cities of tropics. Roadside Parks.
item: Conference-Full-text
Body-centric transformable adornments: a sustainable approach
(2018) Jayawardhana, JKM; Samarasekara, KKGIC; Samarawickrama, S.
Emerging trends, fast fashion and the current patterns of consumer behavior leads to overconsumption which traces a negative impact on sustainable practice. It is observed that the current patterns of unsustainable consumption results in a variety of wastage problems including materials. To overcome this issue, the industry has developed innovative techniques, yet fabric wastage has become the main concern. Considering jewellery, metals as a nonrenewable material should be thoroughly concerned under this matter due to its preciousness and expensive manufacturing processes. Thus, this paper aims to discuss a potential sustainable approach addressing the overconsumption of metals via body-adornment. It was revealed that the concept of ‘transformability’ and its application occupies the sustainable strategy. Thus, the main objective of this practice-lead research is to provide a sustainable solution for overconsumption in jewelry industry through transformable adornments while fulfilling the desires of the contemporary consumer. The research is based on a series of experiments on body-centric transformable adornments. A theoretical framework on ‘wear-ability’ was involved to provide a dynamic experience to the wearer. The outcome of the research is a collection of conceptual body-adornment. The feasible capacity of transformable jewellery was the main finding of the research along with the capability to develop this idea into commercially viable sustainable designs.
item: Conference-Full-text
A Comparative analysis about the indoor thermal environment of a room with and without transitional space or threshold in traditional row houses adjacent to a narrow alley “Rupchan Lane” in old Dhaka, Bangladesh
(2018) Tasmia, F; Majumder, B; RAHMAN, A; Samarawickrama, S
Attaining appropriate thermal comfort conditions for users in built forms, located in a warm and humid sub-tropical climate is a complex phenomenon. Especially, when it is resided at a congested place like old Dhaka Bangladesh, the provision of giving cross ventilation and building with proper orientation is quite challenging. This paper aims to investigate about the indoor thermal environment of a room with and without transitional space or threshold in traditional row houses adjacent to a narrow alley of old Dhaka through field measurements. Transitional spaces are the part of buildings which are used for semi-outdoor household activities, social gathering and it is also proved to provide an indoor thermal effect. The field study has been conducted by collecting thermal data (Temperature, Humidity and Airflow) respectively, among the outdoor narrow alley, transitional space and adjacent indoor. This east west elongated alley has an average width of 2.13 meter (varies from 1.5 to 2.6 meter) holding row houses on both sides. Among different aspects of thermal environment the study of this paper is based on the analysis of temperature of corresponding cases. Other aspects and their variables were considered as constant (especially material) for accuracy and avoidance of confusion. This study focuses on the outcome that can ultimately contribute to the built form configuration of row houses with transitional spaces and in its relation to the adjacent outdoor space while achieving thermal comfort for the people inhabiting. This study will disclose scope for analysis on the thermal quality and performances of the socially interactive spaces like courtyard, veranda or transitional spaces.
item: Conference-Full-text
Competencies of quantity surveyors in a developing economy
(2018) Vidana Gamage, S; Dissanayake, Y; Disaratne, V; Samarawickrama, S
As a prominent construction professional in the construction industry, quantity surveyor shall be sharp with required competencies to overcome the challenges within a developing economy context. Therefore the study is directed to identify the gap between the current level of competencies and the required level of competencies of quantity surveyors in a developing economy and providing recommendations to bridge the gap. This research was driven into a mixed approach which includes desk review, expert surveys, questionnaire survey and expert interviews as data collection methods in order to accomplish the research aim. Initially a desk review was conducted to identify the competencies of quantity surveyors. Then an expert survey was carried out to build up a list of competencies in given context. After a questionnaire survey was conducted to seek the current level of competencies and then expert interviews were conducted to check the required level of competencies and the collected data were analysed with descriptive statistics to determine the gap. Mean, Standard deviation and Mode were used as analyzing tools to calculate the gap between. Further, recommendations were derived through expert interviews to bridge the identified gap by adapting the content analysis method. Continuous professional development programmes for quantity surveyors and periodical changes to the curriculum of quantity surveying academic courses were the common recommendations given. Within them, it is essential to contain development appraisals, financial management during construction, coordinating cash flows, resolving disputes and BIM management competencies as those are lacking in the given context.
item: Conference-Full-text
Cost effectiveness of sustainable electricity consumption in domestic buildings
(2018) Dissanayake, TL; Wahalathanthri, AA; Samarawickrama, S.
Saving electricity has become a challenge in Sri Lanka due to the warmer climates prevailing throughout the years and it has become a major requirement to have fans and air conditioners occupied in most of the houses. That may effect to electrical consumption and the monthly electricity bill. However, in order to reduce electrical consumption in domestic buildings there are some methods which can be adopted in practice. This study has covered areas of cost effectiveness of solar electrical installation systems and importance of sub-metering houses along with benefits of using light-emitting diode (LED) bulbs instead of using compact fluorescent lamp (CFL) and incandescent (filament) bulbs. Data collection carried out through interviews and questioner surveys with customers and suppliers of solar electrical installations. After analysing the data gathered, even with a highly initial cost, solar electricity installations can be considered as a cost-effective method. Furthermore, specifications and details gathered on CFL, LED and filament bulbs proved LED bulbs are more cost effective than other bulbs for the same illumination level. This study also revealed that sub metering a house under the rules and regulations of Electricity Board is another cost-effective method where a house owner can adopt in their houses.
item: Conference-Full-text
Design approaches to revitalize a canal front: a case study along Chaktai commercial area of Chittagong, Bangladesh
(2018) Haque, SB; Hoque, MM; Samarawicrama, S.
Chaktai is of one of the oldest commercial areas of Chittagong, the ‘Business Capital’ of Bangladesh. This site is adorned by the historic Chaktai canal which flows through the commercial area, contributing to the transportation network of commercial activities of this site. Chaktai canal front has also been served to the nearby residents as a waterfront public activity space. Unfortunately Chaktai is losing its past glory as a central business district (CBD) controlling food business all around Bangladesh. In recent years, the dilapidated condition of the canal has interrupted frequent commercial activities. Moreover, the canal front has become more inaccessible, unhealthy and uncomfortable public space because of the unexecuted planning proposals & mismanagement. Considering the local context, Chaktai canal front can be transformed into an enjoyable breathing space by redeveloping the canal front through proper planning solutions with surrounding community participation. The aim of this research paper is to identify the current state of Chaktai canal front to provide some sustainable approaches for its revitalization from an in-depth empirical research and survey. Both quantitative and qualitative methods are employed to generate primary data. Field visits and reconnaissance surveys have been conducted to assess the present status of the canal front. 30 respondents have been interviewed including local businessmen, commercial workers & surrounding area’s residents to understand their perspective on public activity space. Findings from the survey show that the revitalization of the canal front will facilitate mobility, convenience for commercial activities and accommodate a vibrant social interaction space in future. This paper will propose some design guidelines for the improvement of present condition of the canal front which will in return help into the uplifting city’s economic, heritage and cultural value.
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Effectiveness of a discretely supported slab insulation system in terms of thermal performance
(2018) Nandapala, K; Chandra, MS; Halwatura, RU; Samarawickrama, S.
One of the main issues of the thermal discomfort inside buildings is heat gain from building envelope. As a remedy, active cooling solutions such as air conditioners are commonly used. But that can never be admired owing to the contribution of excessive energy usage and environmental pollution. Hence, passive cooling solutions such as building thermal insulation can be taken as a fruitful solution. Since about 70% of heat gain of buildings occur through roofs, thermal insulation of roofs takes a prominent place in the aforesaid matter. As a result of rapid urbanization and population growth, the amount of usable land for building constructions is very low and the constructions have to be done on a very limited space. There, flat concrete roofs provide additional working spaces and the possibility of future vertical developments with other benefits such as extra robustness and the cyclonic resistance to the structures. Anyhow, utilization of flat concrete roofs is unpopular due to the thermal discomfort in the immediate space beneath. Addressing this drawback of ordinary flat concrete roofs, a new roof slab insulation system introduced having the capability of achieving more than 75% of heat gain reduction. Thermal performance comparison between the novel system and existing roof slabs confirmed the effectiveness of the new system. Further, 50mm thick vegetation was added on top of the novel slab system and thermal performance was compared. Results showed 20% of peak cooling load reduction from new slab system and 21% of peak cooling load reduction in a summer day under tropical conditions when it was vegetated.
item: Conference-Full-text
The Effectiveness of street characteristics for creating a city image; a study of Galle road, Colombo
(2018) Perera, DDS; Coorey, S; Samarawickrama, S
The "Image" of the Asian city is associated with its street character, forms and patterns and it is distinctively different from its Western counterpart. The "Streets" play a dominant role in the formation of a city’s unique identity. With the changes taking place in the urban development the street characteristics are undergoing significant changes having impact on the city image and its uniqueness. This study explores the importance of street character for enhancing the city image. Segments of streets along Galle Road, Colombo are investigated to observe the street characteristics and street users’ perceptions on city image. Doorstep and street corner interviews were conducted among a random sample group. Findings revealed the most significant street characteristics such as width of the road, facade identity, visual exposure, functionality, boundary characteristics, physical form, activities, scale, visibility, height, unique shape, variation of setbacks, the sound, smell and greenery as important for enhancing and preserving the city Image
item: Conference-Full-text
Effects of open plan workspaces on job satisfaction: a study on software development professionals in Colombo
(2018) Naranpanawa, YI; Hettiarachchi, AA; Samarawickrama, S.
People in the modern world spend most of their time in workspaces. Yet these workspaces are rarely designed to promote humane aspects. Open plan offices are getting popular despite their effect on people. Recently there is a boost in the local information technology field where many young people work. Therefore identifying effects of open plan workspaces on workers’ job satisfaction has become vital. Vision is the prominent way of experiencing a space and spatial layout decides the occupant’s visibility in a space or through spaces, creating sense of privacy and interaction. Even though several organizational and environmental factors affect job satisfaction, this paper focuses only on visibility and privacy levels in open plan offices. Visibility graph analysis was recognized as a quantitative analysis tool to measure spatial configuration and a self-reported questionnaire survey was launched to collect qualitative measures on user experience. The analysis proves that different open plan configurations have different visibility patterns and create different levels of privacy. Higher satisfaction levels are reported from software company workers in open plan offices and increased privacy levels are identified in offices having individual workstations with different levels of visibility, which promote flexibility and adaptability within the workspace.
item: Conference-Full-text
Envisioning graveyards in dense urban areas in context of Dhaka city : from preserved hallowed ground towards healing landscape for the community
(2018) Sikder, SP; Alam, F; Samarawickrama, S.
Graveyards or burial grounds are an integral component of civic and community life of any city. They comprise a key religious, cultural and social element with a long history that has played a vital role in constantly changing and evolving society. Administrators and planners of densely packed megacities like Dhaka often find it difficult to spare enough land for burials and have to operate with scarcity of open green space within urban areas. Nevertheless, city graveyards can be transformed from just places for the deceased to urban oases of healing, commemoration and even the celebration of city-life. Henceforth, the graveyards in Azimpur, one of the oldest residential areas, has been taken as study area. This research was principally based on observation and field survey. Books, journals, documents from websites etc. are the sources of secondary data. The main objective of this study is to explore the existing condition of graveyards of urban residential areas in Dhaka city, to look into why civic and environmental interactions with graveyards are missing and also to identify their potential as healing gardens and open neighborhood space. It is clearly stated that, visual and physical connection with graveyards create positive environmental scopes for both neighborhood and as well as commuters.
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Expected impact on design delivery risk in BIM based project implementation in Sri Lanka
(2018) Dissanayake, AGND; Jayasena, HS; Wijewickrama, MKCS
Building Information Modelling (BIM) is an innovative concept which has been using in the construction industry to increase the productivity by creating object based multi-dimensional parametric models. Though Sri Lankan construction industry is in the kindergarten stage of the BIM implementation, most of the developed countries are getting benefits through BIM. BIM can be adopted to the whole life cycle of the construction project not only for the specific phases. Construction industry is a place where it faces plenty of risks throughout its life cycle. Early stages of every project create more and more uncertainties because most of the decisions are made on early stages. Major construction risks were identified through extensive literature survey. Using that list, identified thirteen design delivery risks to carry out the research. Furthermore, carried out a questionnaire survey by using thirty-one respondents to identify the current design delivery risk rate in Sri Lankan construction industry. Semi structured interviews were carried out by using BIM experts to identified expected impact on design delivery risk after BIM implementation. At the end of the study conclusion is addressed to identify the expected impact on design delivery risk in BIM based project implementation in Sri Lanka.
item: Conference-Full-text
Experimental investigation on the optimal lifting height of a self-compacting in-situ cast mud-concrete load-bearing wall segment
(2018) Arooz, FR; Perera, KLTH; Chandra, MS; Halwatura, RU; Samarawickrama, S
Initial objective of this research is investigating the optimum lifting height of a wall segment of self-compacting in-situ cast Mud-Concrete load bearing walls. It is a novel walling technique which has been developed through series of research process in Sri Lanka. Thus, identifying the possible construction height of a Mud- Concrete wall without reducing the strength is very important when introducing a novel material to industry and popularizing the technique among public. A questionnaire survey was conducted among 400 construction workers to identify the comfortable pouring height of an in-situ cast wall segment prior to design the formwork and it was found as 1200mm height. Using the results, 1200mm x 1200mm (height x width) and 150 mm thick of Mud-Concrete wall was casted and drilled after 28 days to test the compressive strength of cored samples along four different heights of the wall. According to the results obtained, increasing the height of the Mud-Concrete wall does not reduce the compressive strength of the wall. Therefore, study concludes that, there is no height restriction in construction of a Mud-Concrete wall. However, 1200mm of comfortable lifting height is consider as the optimum lifting height of a wall segment and used the results in modular formwork fabrication.
item: Conference-Full-text
Form development of clay module for optimize evaporative cooling with wind flow
(2018) Liyanarathne, BLSW; Ranasinghe, WMND; Halwatura, RU; Samarawickrama, S
Evaporative cooling is one of most important passive cooling systems which is used since ancient times. As a passive cooling system direct evaporative cooling is the basic method. There are most of evidences in use of wetted clay material in evaporative cooling method. Mashrabya and wetted clay conduits used in wind towers are the proofs on this passive cooling system. Clay exhibit excellent properties on evaporative cooling as a porous material. Porous ceramics exhibit properties such as high permeability, low bulk density, high surface area, and low thermal conductivity. There are more possibilities on enhancing the evaporative cooling. The research focused on the form development which multiplying the cooling efficiency. Provide a large surface area to air touching, access to easy air flowing and making a speed for air flow are the archived aims which are multiplying the cooling effect in the research. Various forms have tested in the research with the smoke flows as air flow and identified best form. And the form has developed with the literature which is about clay form development. Close ended form of clay has identified as more efficient on the evaporative cooling. This basic form has a possibility to develop as a sustainable product design for people. The formed product changes the situation of Natural wind or created wind flow as a chilled air by the evaporative cooling in zero energy. In a warming world, heating energy demands should reduce while cooling energy demands rise. Further investigations of the form development respond for this circumstance as a design solution.
item: Conference-Full-text
A Framework to implement design and built practices for green and adaptive reuse of existing buildings
(2018) Wijesiri, WMM; Devapriya, KAK; Rathnasiri, HWTP; Samarawickrama, S.
Adaptive Reuse is the process to improve environmental, social and financial performance of buildings. Reuse of existing buildings, especially as a result of performance upgrades has been identified with a significant impact on the sustainability of built environment. Application of adaptive reuse with green building concept is known as difficult and lacks attention in the field of research. Further, the potential to implement Green Adaptive Reuse has become uncertain as the way of implementing specific design, build practices for green buildings is still unknown. Thus, this research is aimed at developing a framework to implement design and built practices for green adaptive reuse of existing buildings. A qualitative research approach was followed for this research with semi-structured nterviews involving nine (09) local expert professionals and one (01) international expert professional. The findings were analyzed using content analysis method. Physical, Economics, Functional, Technological, Social, Legal and Political were identified as major design criteria, which related to green building practices. Further, the findings included with barriers and strategies for the implementation of green adaptive reuse for existing buildings. Considering the Sri Lankan context, this study developed a framework as a guide for the implementation of green adaptive reuse for existing buildings. Moreover, government involvement, conducting social awareness programmes, developing skilled professionals, empowering the regulations, provisions of tax concessions through government intervention were highlighted as strategies to mitigate barriers of green adaptive reuse. Finally, a framework was developed for the implementation of green adaptive reuse concept for existing buildings.
item: Conference-Full-text
From horizontal to vertical: habitus transformation in resettlement of underserved communities to high rise buildings
(2018) De Silva, R; Botejue, P; Samarawickrama, S
Housing… amongst the many discussions of architecture and sociology, there isn’t a topic more timely and relevant. A main concern in the discussion, the urban poor living in long established underserved settlements, grow and spread by the day. To provide better living conditions and claim valuable real estate, many governments including Sri Lanka commonly adopt resettling the people to high-rise social housing. The success of this solution however is still debated upon. The process of resettlement involves changing the environment of the people from horizontally spread neighborhoods to the vertical towers. Social implications of the process could be observed in many precedents, yet the understanding about the transformation is limited. The study intends to critically look in to the social life of resettlers and see how the transformation happens. The broad concept of social life is narrowed down and analyzed through the concept of “habitus” and related theories. Mihidusenpura social housing in city of Colombo was selected as the case study to explore the transformation over 10 years. The study explores how each aspect is affected with time, what needs to be preserved and in conclusion how habitus can be manipulated using architecture and proper planning to create successful social housing.
item: Conference-Full-text
Gender mainstreaming in urban planning: an exploratory study of women’s perception on liveability in Keonjhar city, Odisha.
(2018) Mishra, S; Gupta, N; Sharma, B; Samarawikrama, S.
Knowledge can be defined as a dynamic social construction of reality dependent upon the specific experiences made by individuals; it does not already exist in individuals but is continuously produced and revised in a social process.This paper seeks to review the role of social networks in knowledge management in the business context of Multi-National Real Estate Consultancy Firms (MNRECF) considering knowledge as a social construction. Services provided by MNRECFs depend largely on the application of knowledge and expertise. They are depended on three knowledge areas – based fundamental resources, which are their people; the client relationships; and the intellectual capital. It is the knowledge that extends beyond knowing how to do a particular job, how to deploy people to make the best use of their talents, how to make decisions that help build a strong client base, and how to guide change as markets and conditions change. In the modern economic environment, social network concepts have become increasingly interesting to many companies, since the evolution of network relationships within and between firms affect most companies. Social networks are used to examine associations and connections between individual employees, as well as how companies interact with each other; it is a key ingredient of Knowledge Management (KM) in MNRECFs. However, current knowledge is lacking in this area due to limited research undertaken. Therefore, this paper aims to explore social networks in MNRECFs based on a literature review and provide an account of relevant KM tools supporting social networks. Future research will select case studies to explore the concepts further.
item: Conference-Full-text
Green bim for existing buildings
(2018) Rathnasiri, P; Jayasena, S; Samarawickrama, S
There was a flourishing interest and cognizance on green building constructions in past few decades due to considerable negative impacts for the environment from traditional construction processes. In light of this, number of modern technologies have been invented to enhance the performances of sustainable and green strategies. Green Building Information Modeling (BIM) is one of such modern advanced technologies where BIM integrates to sustainable strategies to improve building performances. Though, the technological capabilities of Green BIM are evident, use of Green BIM has been limited only for design and construction phases of buildings. Professionals in construction industry are still struggling in implementing Green BIM for existing buildings, due to the difficulties of collecting information during operation and maintenance phases that are required for the use of Green BIM. As different Green BIM tool needs different data requirements, building owners and facility managers are reluctant in using Green BIM for existing buildings. Hence, the data requirements have been a considerable issue that should be addressed. Further, the way of utilizing Green BIM for existing buildings is also questionable to achieve sustainability. Besides, the actual barriers and hurdles of Green BIM for existing buildings are vague and different studies have highlighted subjective opinions from different views and insights. Hence, this study aimed to review the existing knowledge on aforementioned area and to identify the gaps in prevailing studies for the implementation of Green BIM in existing buildings. Findings of literature review revealed different data requirements for various Green BIM tools, techniques and how it can be used for sustainable strategies. The findings further highlighted the existing gaps where more studies need to be done in the same area.
item: Conference-Full-text
Identification of functionality and usability aspects of traditional paathraya’ in sri lanka
(2018) Thilakarathna, KCM; Ranasinghe, WMND; Samarawickrama, S
Functionality and usability can be identified as main key factors under the field of Product design. Traditional products have survived for many years in the history of a particular region or culture. In the perspective of product design, traditional products have gone through stages of designing and tested continuously with actual context. Therefore, those traditional products can be identified as well-designed products even though there is no any particular person to identify as a designer for them. Sri Lankan culture is believed to be more connected with the nature and sustainable concept according to social scientists, historians, archaeologists and folklore explorers. `Paathraya` is a traditional identical product that used by Buddhist monks not only in Sri Lanka but in other countries also. Therefore, it has a psychological platform combined with its physical characters. Paathraya is known as alms bowl in English, Patra in Sanskrit, Patta in Pali and Hatsu or Hachi in Japanese. As Product Designer, researching about traditional Paatraya of Sri Lanka gives exposure to the design principles and elements, material identification, product functionality and usability. The Research is carried out as an ethnographic research. Empirical Data is gathered by observing Museum collections and Paathra, which are currently used, interviewing archaeologists, Buddhist monks, artisans, potters, designers, scientists, sociologists by experimentation and analysing chronological development of Paathraya. Secondary data are collected through books and journals to enhance the functions, interpretation and design theories. Research will be based on lay Paathraya to explore the importance of material ,design and its usability. Research Findings are behaviour of the product in tradition and in practise, character, norms and the message it conveys. It was found that Paathraya provides knowledge to define functionality and usability with its physical and psychological character.
item: Conference-Full-text
The impact of artificial lighting on visual comfort and visual satisfaction of people : with special reference to outdoor public spaces in Colombo.
(2018) Bandara, A; Ranasinghe, S; Hettiarachchi, A; Samarawickrama, S.
Besides having many benefits on ecological and environmental aspects, urban parks are found to have a predictable impact on human well-being. With the fast paced development, city dwellers have gradually become used to an active night life. In view of this, the use of artificial lighting in urban parks manifests a significance in catering to the psychophysiological requirements associated with night life. This research investigates the impact of outdoor artificial lighting installations on the visual comfort and visual satisfaction of users in popular urban parks in Colombo, Sri Lanka. It attempts in identifying the parameters of human visual satisfaction contributing towards more viable and aesthetically satisfying public outdoor environments. The study was carried out in five popular urban parks namely; Arcade Independence Square, Viharamahadevi Park, Urban Wetland Park, Diyatha Uyana and Galle Face Esplanade. Data collection was done adopting a mix method consisting of questionnaires, in-situ observations, measurements and photographic analyses. Convenience sampling, which is a non-probability sampling technique, was used when selecting the participants explicitly, 5 different samples (n= 12) with an equal number of males and females were tested in the selected 5 urban parks. Light level, brightness ratio, glare, colour rendering and colour temperature were measured to identify the participants’ visual comfort. A subjective assessment was adopted to determine the users’ visual satisfaction on the aesthetics, safety and security related to the parks. Artificial lighting was found to have a direct impact on human visual comfort and visual satisfaction. The overall visual satisfaction with reference to the user experience under outdoor artificial lighting was found to be correlated with the functionality of spaces. It can be concluded that implementing lighting installations to enhance the important design elements associated with visual comfort and visual satisfaction corresponding with the functionality of the outdoor urban spaces during the night time is essential.
item: Conference-Full-text
The impact of landscape characteristics of urban pockets on visitors and residents a study with reference to Kandy city
(2018) Madawala, WRHBYMRSR; Chandrasekara, D; Samarawicrama, S.
The urban pockets can be identified as an important component within the city. There are two main categories of users of urban pockets; the residents and the visitors. The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of landscape characteristics of urban pockets on these two main user groups. According to the salient perceptual dimension, the individual preference of landscape is affected by three characteristics; landscape, personal and contextual. The study focuses only on the landscape characteristics, which can be divided further in to two; Content-based characteristics and spatial configuration characteristics. According to the Kaplan’s information processing theory, the coherence, complexity, legibility and mystery which are components of spatial configuration characteristics, make a significant impact on the user preferences. Kandy, one of the main cities of Sri Lanka has a combination of natural, built and the historical characteristics. Three urban pockets of Kandy city were selected for the case studies; Lake round, Market front and Dalada veediya. Literature review, observation, mapping and questionnaire survey have been carried out in both pilot and field studies as data collection tools, for a sample of 15 persons for each location. The findings of the study lead to identify the patterns of user preference. The spaces of urban pockets with higher level of Coherence and legibility, communicate more with the visitor. The areas with moderate level of complexity and mystery also attract the visitor more. The extremes of high and low levels of complexity and mystery is more related to residents. The study also identifies that the separation of visitor and resident is best achieved not by geographical demarcations, but by the frequency of visits.

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