Faculty of Architecture, Town & Country Planning

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item: Thesis-Abstract
A Study of the evolution of urban form with special reference to fort area of Colombo, Sri Lanka
Kulatunge, SDDN
Spatial forms of urban area evolves with the change of time in order to take particular characteristics. Since the urban civilization. cities have under gone significant changes resulting in the present urban form and it is expected to continue the process. The urban spatial form is a process that reproduced the political forces. In this context a very few attemptshave been made to study the evolution of urban areas in Sri Lanka. This study attempted to explain the spatial form as a manifestation of political forces of Fort area in Colombo. This process influenced largely in different planning procedure carried out within this area. In such a situation this study painstakingly try to interpret and re-interpret the spatial for masamanifestation of political process as perceived by this research. This discussion uses maps. photographs, paintings and interview records of the professionals to support the argument . The records indicating the spatial form of the Fort area of Colombo at different periods of urban history with the contemporary political event . So. this study mainly concern with the evolutiotl of particular area, and the intention of this study is to create an understanding of the nature and behavior of the spatial for min the context of socio cultural, political and economical perspectives
item: Thesis-Abstract
An Evaluation of land development regulations of urban development authority with respect to urban areas
Ekanayake, EMSB; Mahanama, PKS
Through the land use policies and practices, it is expected to achieve national, regional and local economies, productivity, health and efficiency. Other objectives of those policies, such as improving physical environment, strengthening urban economy, conserving ecological equilibrium and fostering social values. In other wards that should be achieved planned and sustainable urban development. It is, therefore, necessary to formulate rational and long-term land use planning policies. In the process of urbanization that makes the high pressure on urban lands and demanding lands for various activities. That is basically under four categories of social, economic, physical and environmental aspects. Through the process of urbanization, regulations are challenging when meets the needs of the people As a policy, land development regulations have been formulated by UDA for the urban development areas and those are practiced by the respective local authority. But when examine the applicability of these regulations in ground level; it is found that the most of regulations are not applicable to most of areas. Especially in the case of hilly urban areas, this situation can be observed. Therefore, this study was attempted to check the applicability of existing land development regulations which gazette by UDA in 1986.accordingly, this will only check the degree of compliance of the development to the existing land development regulations in the urban development areas which declared by UDA. Accordingly to the results of the study, it was revealed that land subdivisions which evaluated; 73% are only compliance to the existing land development regulations and 90% are comply to the building regulations by the existing buildings in the flat land area. But this situation is totally different in hilly urban area in the case of regulation applicability. According to the analysis of the hilly land area, it is revealed that 60% is only compliance with the existing land subdivision regulations. In other wards 40% of existing land subdivision regulations is in the inapplicability situation. When examine the condition of building regulations, it was found that only 35% is only in applicable situation. It meansthat the 65% of the building regulations are not comply with building developments in the hilly land areas. In addition to above analysis, it was conducted the professional perception survey. The objective of this survey was to identify the professional experience in applicability of land development regulations. According to the survey, it was revealed the 70% professionals are not satisfied with existing regulations. According to above survey, most of land development regulations are in inapplicable condition specially areas of hilly land. Accordingly, this study attempted to check the applicability of existing land development regulations which practiced in urban areas. In the mean time it was identified the inapplicable regulations. Therefore it is needed to reconsider this regulations and it should be re Gazettes them to achieve plan and sustainable urban development.
item: Thesis-Abstract
An Urban design approach towards local area planning : an application in Negombo M
Welideniya, WCW
The urban structure of Sri Lankan cities is more far behind considering the attractiveness, safety, competitiveness and its characteristics. Urban Planning process has been in Sri Lanka least contributes to spatial design of urban settlements. Existing planning process has been based on the land use activity approach which lacking behind the urban design of the settlement. Existing process. potential for a good urban structure merely ignored in the early stages of analysis and totally loosing the expected spatial form elements in the proposed plan. Hence. to be concern key component of urban form as well as to incorporated urban planning process of Sri Lanka. Previously. many researches had been done on urban planning and urban design but all studies had been adopted in western context. Those design strategies have not accommodated directly in Asian countries like Sri Lanka and have not addressed directly the urban form of the Asian Countries. This study attempts to give due consideration to shape these elements in to Sri Lankan situation in the context of geographical setting. culture. attitudes. behavior pattern, climate etc. Therefore, the study attempts to develop general strategies for the urban form of the Sri Lanka. It is based on the key elements of urban form namely, enrich the existing, make connections, work with landscape and mix use & form in order to insert and blend it into the present planning process and develop a conceptual framework based on the selected above urban form principles. Accordingly, It has been identified the general strategies through developing attributes into mechanism to implement the model concept. Ultimately, the study aims to construct a conceptual framework based on the above mentioned selected urban form principles. Part of Negombo Municipal Council was selected to experiment the spatial applicability of the strategies and demonstrate it as the case study.
item: Thesis-Abstract
Analysis of spatial structure of urban green space distribution in Colombo municipal council area
(2015-09-17) Chamila, HL; Mahanama, PKS
Spatial structure of urban green space has an important effect for the urban planning as well as city dwellers. Green spaces have always been urban ecological resources. It is the most desirable thing in cities as the natural elements apart from the tension of city life. In recent years, development of the concepts of ‘green cities’, ‘sustainable cities’, ‘eco-cities’ pay more attention for the urban green spaces. Many green spaces disappeared due to the development of a city. In a city green spaces provide citizens with contact to the biodiversity and natural environment it became a factor of the physical and mental well-being of the people. It makes more opportunity to enjoy and rest at the green space for the people. However, the green spaces of the cities have been destroyed and changed into human activities. The objective of this research is to find the relationship between urban spatial structure and green space distribution. Urban Green Space Index with Road Density Index, Building Density Index and Population Density Index is used to find the relationship between the urban green spaces and the urban spatial structure of the area. The study is based on Colombo Municipal Council Area. The green space data derived from satellite imagery data with NDVI extracted vegetation data and Google images in 2013. Demographic data from the 2012 census, in Census and Statistics Department are compiled for further processing with the Geographic Information Systems in ArcInfo. An in-depth interview and field observation was conducted in CMC area to identify the real situation in ground. This study finds the followings, using four indices to find the relationship between urban green space and urban spatial structure. There is a significant moderate negative relationship among the urban green space and built form. There is no strong correlation among the urban green space and road network. There is a significant moderate negative relationship among the urban green space and population. Finally urban green space is the important element of the urban spatial structure.
item: Thesis-Abstract
Analysis of the applicability of eco city concepts to Sri Lankan cities
Ranaweera, HJC; Munasinghe, J
The concept of ""Eco-Cities" has recently attracted attention in planning and development tield. Ljntil now, it is hardly can find a standardized definition of the term ··Eco-City". Nevertheless, in genera L the concept of Eco-Cities is closely aligned with the concept of sustainable development, through the adoption of sustainability as the driving objective and the integration of ecological and resources management principles into the urban planning process. Since prehistoric times the ceo systems have been modified by man. But in recent times, man suse of land has increased in intensity. With the globe becoming more populated. less desirable lands are being settled and the modification of natural systems has become more extreme. While no reasonable individual intends to destroy his own environment or livelihood .collectively man has greatly disrupted the natural ecological systems of which he is a part. Natural disasters all over the world today arc dramatically illustrating this and reveal that our contemporary land use and development patterns are not sustainable. The ecological principles in urban planning on gmate from the fundamental objective of sustainability and the Eco-Cities are a concept to achieve this sustainability by taking the ecological principles as the central driving force for the planning of cities. This was in the discussion and practices of many developed nations and in particular the fast developing nations of China. Korea and Japan, recognizing this as a way to address the sustainability ISSUes .Sri Lanka today presents a picture of a country experiencing rapid urban growth and social change. The cities all over the country is experiencing high rate of migration, compaction and sprawling effects. The agricultural lands are moving fast in to residential land lots, vulnerable and sensitive areas are becoming severe environmental threats. urban transformation can be seen every aspects. Yet the Sri Lankan Cities are reliving on conventional land use development strategies and struggling with usual development problems of economic, social and environmental. Among those the environmental matters are less prioritized and the Sri Lankan cities are with severe environmental degradation. Moving for innovative sustainable city development strategies such as Eco City development are still under recognition either due lack of the awareness or these concepts are not much explored or localized in the planning industry in Sri Lanka. The attempt of this study is to examine the Eco city concepts practiced around the world and find the concepts that are capable to resonate with local urban challenges and useful for planners and locally applicable in physical development in Sri Lanka and to demonstrate those with an example in Sri Lanka while taking in to consideration the local conditions. negative and positive features. Subsequently the study is intended to explore the importance and possibilities of adopting eco city concepts in city development in Sri Lanka while making knowledge and awareness about the concepts
item: Thesis-Abstract
An analytical study of urban space and crime case study-Bambalapitiya
(2014-07-15) Ratnayake, RMJC
It is predicted that the Sri Lanka's urban population will be around 55% to 60 % from the total population in year 2020. This is not a phenomenon only for Sri Lanka; entire Asian region particularly developing countries will get the same. At the same time it is predicted that the economic power will also be shifted to the Asian region from the western hemisphere. As a result urbanization will play crucial role regarding economic, social and cultural aspects in these countries. Therefore it can be assumed that urbanization will reshape and change dimensions of these factors while people will decides those changes in the course of good and bad. Crime which remains in urban areas as a hazard also can be spread further as a residual in the wake of these developments. When reviewing the literature it can be understood that study of crimes rather more close to sociology. However a lot of research endeavors can be found regarding crime and urban space in the last three decades by famous western scholar such as Barry Poyner, Jane Jacobs and Newman etc. However it can be noted that different studies envisages different outcomes hence it is still wide open for further studies. Therefore this study is also an attempt to envisage the existing situation of the occurrence of crime in relation to urban areas as well as their relationship with urban attributes in the perspective of the Sri Lankan cities. Therefore this research is devised through an analysis of the urban morphology attributes and crimes. For this three crime categories such as house breaking and theft, robberies and vehicle theft were employed which is known as opportunistic crimes. Through a literature review it was identified main attributes in urban space which more likely induced crimes and applied those main urban attributes to an urban area in city of Colombo to identify the crime pattern with the urban space. For this purpose the study areas was selected based on the frequency of above said crimes as well as crime per population. By the analysis it was map out that the some of the crimes were occurred due to the reasons of both macro and micro level urban attributes. However it also observed that first it required to saturated macro level of urban attributes at first and within that space micro level of urban attributes required to fulfill for the occurrence of crime. Thereby it was model the macro level of attributes to generate a crime risk areas in the study area and compared it with actual crimes to evaluate the possibility of the occurrences of crimes in macro level urban attributes.
item: Thesis-Abstract
An Analytical study on regional planning approach related to human settlement development in Mahaweli development programme with special reference to system C
(2015-09-16) Rajasinghe, DJV; Fernando, KD
Settlement process of the Mahaweli project has passed two decades. It is a reasonable time period for a sustainable development of a settlement and its self-reliance. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the regional development linkages taken place in newly openedup settlement areas in the Mahaweli project. The next objective is to examine the adopted planning criteria in relation to the anticipated development and to document the findingsfor the benefit of next generation and to fulfil the academic purpose. Chapterone in this study discusses on regional planning related to settlement development inthe theoretical perspective. The central place theory and growth pole theory appeared to be the most relevant concepts among various other locational theories related to settlement development. Then it deals with discussion and on problems related to application of the aboveconcepts and it leads to examine the evolution og regional planning. Chapter two examines the background of regional planning in Sri Lanka emphasizing human settlement development. In this respect, the evolutionary process of human settlementdevelopment is examined in the historical perspective. Further, it focuses on the problems and issues related to the development of human settlement schemes under a regionalplanning framework in Sri Lanka. Chapter three is confined to an analysis of regional planning aspects of Mahaweli Development Programme with special reference to the settlement development. In this respect, it focuses on identifying the background of the Mahaweli Development Programme considering the main features of the Master plan and the Accelerated Mahaweli Development Programme. Secondly, it would consider the legislative implications to establish the institutional setup for the execution of the regional development plan. Finally it examines the impact of regional planning on human settlement development. It discusses some of the concepts related to the settlement planningin Mahaweli Development Programme and its achievements related to settlement developmentand also its related problems and issues.
item: Thesis-Abstract
Analyze factors of specialized land uses in urban areas : with special reference to the sanitary ware area in Nawala-Nugegoda
(2015-09-17) Ekanayaka Banda, UG; Mahanama, PKS
The city of Colombo and its suburban areas have experienced a rapid change in development during the past four decades with increasing growth and expansion of important economics activities. The government decisions to shift industries and office complexes to the immediate suburban areas of Colombo as well as the locational advantages and strong push factors in some of the suburban areas of Colombo, contributed to significant growth changes in these areas which include, Paliyagoda, Kiribathgoda, Nugegoda, Maharagama, Kaduwela, Piliynadala, Dehiwal Mount Lavenia and Moratuwa. In addition to the above mentioned sub urban areas, some significant ribbon development pattern is experienced along the arterial thoroughfares connecting to Colombo city and the other provinces in Sri Lanka. This type of development is evident on Colombo Kandy Road, Colombo Negombo Road, Colombo Ratnapura Road and Colombo Galle Road. It is evident, that the central area of the city has easy accessibility from immediate surroundings as well as more distant places. Therefore, the central business area tends to attract more business establishments and customers and achieved a greater potential to intensify its growth. With regard to this phenomenon, the Central Business Zone commands a higher real estate value and is occupied by a more intensive land uses. However, due to the expansion of port related import & export business activities and the increased demand for services and logistic sector activities the shifting of administrative and industrial establishments from the CBD of Colombo was inevitable. The above mentioned development scenarios in the city of Colombo has contributed to grow and expand the suburban centers of Colombo attracting new business and some of these suburban centers developed as specialized business zones. The Nawala Nugegoda sanitary ware zone has been developed as one such specialized zone, and the underline factors of which are analyzed under this study. It was revealed that, the residential boom in Kotte, Kaduwela, Maharagama, Dehiwala and Nugegoda areas had crated and increasing demand for building materials and sanitary ware items since the past four decades. This situation was capitalized by three leading companies who engage in sanitary ware business in Nawala Nugegoda area. With the continues demand for sanitary ware items from the surrounding area of Colombo metropolitan region as well as easy accessibility to Nawala Nugegoda area contributed in proliferation of small scale sanitary ware suppliers in the Nawala area. This land use specialization, especially along the Nawala Nugegoda road and Nawala Narahenpita road has generated significant positive impacts on the lives of the people as well as some negative impacts such as traffic congestion, in appropriate conversion of residential buildings to non residential uses were emerged in this area. However, it is significant to record that the land use specialization has generated more economic benefits to the city and provide convenience business environment for the customers. In this context, specialized land uses as an urban growth modal would bring more positive benefits to the economy.
item: Thesis-Abstract
An Appraisal of resource mobilisation for urban development with special reference to the housing sector in Colombo
(2016-05-02) Weeraratna, W
item: Thesis-Abstract
An Assesment of the future demand for commercial floor space in the C.B.D. of Colombo and an economics evalution of the echelon squre project
(2014-03-16) Jayasekera, JML
This study has been undertaken in partial fulfilment of the academic requirement for the M.Sc. (Town and Country Planning) Degree Course. The chosen area of study comprises a specialised aspect of urban development planning which has assumed an increase importance in Sri Lanka. The study itself consists of an assessment of future demand for commercial floor space in the Central Business District of Colombo and an economic evaluation of one of its projects in Echelon Square. The study has been undertaken in three Parts. Part one which comprises three chapters has dealt with the background to the assessment of demand for commercial floor space in the Central Business District of Colombo. In this connection Chapter One has discussed the National Development Perspectives in the context of urban growth. Against this Natidnal background, Chapter two has outlined the profile of commercial sector activity in the Colombo Metropolitan Region. Thereafter, the analysis in Chapter Three has made an assessment of the future demand for commercial floor space in the City's Central Business District. The three chapters of Part One have clearly established that a potential demand for commercial floor space in defined categories does exist in the Central Business District. Part Two of the study has utilised the product of Part One and has made an economic evaluation of the Echelon Square Project in the Central Area Development Programme of the Urban Development Authority. For this purpose Part Two comprises two chapters. Thus in chapter Four, a cost benefit analysis of the private investment in individual building projects in Echelon Square has been discussed to determine their investment feasibility. Thereafter, in Chapter Five a critical analysis of public benefits and costs of these same building projects have been discussed. Part Three of the study consists of the conclusions and recommendations arising from the overall study. The study also includes Appendices and a Bibliography
item: Thesis-Abstract
An Assessment of community action planning process in urban development Sri Lanka : case study in Lunawa environment improvement & community development project
(2015-02-21) Alwis, LLTIK; Mahanama, MPK
Community Action Planning is a Participatory planning paradigm which emphasizes the involvement of the community at the strategic and management processes in Urban Planning.It is often considered as part of community development. Basic principal behind the public participation is democracy. Community Action Planning (CAP) is being practiced all over the world to entice peoples’ participation and their involvement for the development projects as they are the end users of considerable public investment. Though, it has not been widely practiced in Urban Sector in Sri Lanka, the studies have shown that its benefit is invaluable for the sustainability of development programmes in the country. CAP process is applied in Local Development Planning and thereby people have opportunities to empower themselves in the decision making process for Urban Planning.Therefore there should be a bottom-up approach and integrated public participation process for urban development. There are many studies, researches & proven concepts, developed techniques in relating to the participatory planning in the world. But there are less studies which emphasize clear set of guideline for the CAP Process for practitioners. However development projects and programmes have been implemented in Sri Lanka adopting community action planning techniques; the methods applied are subjective to their own perceptions. As a result, some deficiencies can be observed during the implementation stages. It is possible to trace constanc in the application of CAP. Consequently, it has not been adequately institutionalized as a mainstream practice in the urban development arena. Isolated cases with varying degrees of success can be observed. Therefore, this research attempted to fill this gap by identifying a appropriate guideline for assessing in CAP Process in Sri Lanka. An attempt has been made to study a few participatory development projects that have been implemented through the application of CAP in Sri Lanka and formulated an explicit and refined CAP process for wider application. Based on the collected information 22 key words were developed, which should be included in separate steps in the CAP process. Depending on the available data a criteria was developed to find out to what extent the activities are included in the project. Considering the proportion of activities included in the selected project marks were allocated. According to the analysis of this study and through knowledge from this theoretical analysis, a set of Guidelines for the Community Action planning process was developed and recommended to be followed in practicing the CAP process in Sri Lanka. Key words: Urban Planning, Participatory Planning, CAP Process, indicators, Participatory decision making,
item: Thesis-Abstract
An Assessment of the importance of complimentary urban policies for the development of the accelerated Mahaveli region
(2014-05-16) Daluwatta, D; Mendis, MWIG
item: Thesis-Abstract
A Case for a metropolitan authority for the development of the Colombo region
(2014-05-13) De Silva, GLD
item: Thesis-Abstract
A Community development programme for inner city areas: a case study of Gintupitiya in the city of Colombo
(2014-03-15) Radampola, J; Selvarajah, CE
This is a document recording a process - the evolution of a Community Development Programme for the people living in the inner city areas of Colombo, The process begins with the identification of these areas where conditions of living are worse than those elsewhere in the oity* The identification and selection of action areas lead to an in-depth analysis* The synthesis of data that follows, highlights the problems and the potential of the community* At the end a programme of community development is formulated drawing lessons from similar approaches. The constituent parts of the study are^-in^six. 1, The objectives of our study are stated here in the light of the living conditions of people whose life in deprivation in the inner city fereas. call for attention not from the state alone but from concerned individuals and professionals. 2* Major problems of the City of Colombo in general and a detail analysis of such problems in the inner oity areas, relating to the socio-economic and physical functions and problems of the areas in the overall urban context* This part of the document describes the methodology of identifying the problem areas of poor urban communities and at the end locates the action areas for further study* 3. Action areas, are then studied in detail. The survey and the outcome are presented here in quantativo terms disclosing, the acuteness of the major problems of the area and also records their aspirations and the abilities of the members of the community* 4, Needs, resources and constraints, as observed during the survey and expressed by the people, are brought to a common format and the significance of such a format are discussed* Further investigation and research which are necessary to maximise the efficacy of the system and the necessary data basis to strengthen the resourceconstraint data of the survey* With a satisfactory collection of necessary information, observations and studies on. Projects for Community Development^ carried .out in other parts of the world and attempts made in that direction here* in Sri Lanka, are presented. This part of the document states the goals and objectives of the envisaged community development programme and operates on a three tier system. This comprises of long range goals statements, programms objectives and the projects to meet the community's needs. Projects are presented with reference to proceeding resource-constraint analysis« the projects are seen as work plans and as documents of public discussion with the community.
item: Thesis-Abstract
A community development programme for inner city areas: a case study of Gintupitiya in the city of Colombo
(2015-08-19) Radampola, J; Selvarajah, E
This in a document recording a process -the evolution of a Community Developed Programme for the people living In the inner city of Colombo* The process beigaa with the identification of theee v/bere conditions at living are worse than those elsewhere in the city. The identification and selection of action areas lead to an in-depth analysis, Hie synthesis cf data that follows, highlights the problems and the potential of the community. At end a programme of community development is formulated drawing lessons from similar approaches. The constituent ports of the study are he six.
item: Thesis-Abstract
A Critical appraisal of the informal sector in the city of Colombo
(2014-03-16) Vidanagamachchi, S; Perera, ALS
item: Thesis-Full-text
Critical assessment on the settlement categorization of Sri Lanka: case of the Nuwara Eliya district estate settlements
(2020) Paranagama PWNM; Ranasinghe G
Settlements are categorized as urban and rural and various methods are used to define urban settlements and thereby to measure the level of urban in a particular country or city. Sri Lanka adopts a single criteria based on administrative approach and defines all Municipal Councils and Urban Councils are ‘urban areas’. In addition to the two categories; urban and rural, Sri Lanka defines another settlement category named ‘estates’ to identify plantations which are 20 acres or more in extent and with ten or more resident labourers. 30% of estates in Sri Lanka are located in the Nuwara Eliya District and 53% of its population belongs to estate sector. Although, estate communities lived in isolation and totally depended on the estate management for nearly a century, this situation began to change in late 1950s. By the end of 20th century, estate communities well mixed with other sector communities and had begun to move out from estates to town centers. Although, many new town centers are emerging within Nuwara Eliya District, and more of its estate communities now enjoy urban facilities and contribute to urban activities, its urban level was declined from 6.1% in 2001 to 5.6% in 2012. These figures are contradictory to what’s observed in ground. There is indeed an issue with the current definition of ‘urban’ in Sri Lanka, thus it is the intention of this study to propose a new set of criteria to measure ‘urban’ and apply it to selected areas in Nuwara Eliya district to measure their actual urban levels. A framework of criteria based on four mandates lifestyle, access to facilities, aspirations and physical setting, was introduced. The application of the proposed criteria revealed that existing estate areas; Maskeliya, Ragala & Kotagala and Bogawanthalawa indicate a higher urban level than that of Thalawakele UC; which is an officially identified urban area
item: Thesis-Abstract
Critical evaluation of development control measures of Urban Development Authority law in the process of urban land development in Sri Lanka: a case study of some selected towns in the wet zone
(2015-08-20) Dharmapala, MG
The term development control measures though more often than not have been interpretted in a negative way athose are the instruments that give effect to the meaning of development by managing any" objects material or otherwise with the environment, when it is a process of a action to achieve its own goal. Hence the concept of development always goes along with the development control measures. The development control measures related to urban land development are two-fold one is derived from macro pol icies such as land requlat ion. Land taxation etc., while the other is derived from micropohcies such as regulating the development activities etc. In Sri Lanka although these two measures are prevai Iing, the latter is more vital for the process of urban land development mainly because it is the measure that usually deals with the larger segment of the community or lands. Thus the study deals with this measure only.
item: Thesis-Abstract
A Critical evaluation of national economic development planning a case for integrated planning in Sri Lanka
(2014-04-23) Thanthirigama, G
item: Thesis-Abstract
A Critical evaluation of planning for new urban settlements in the Mahaweli Development Programme with special reference to the social dimension
(2016-05-02) GAMAGE, TT