R4TLI - 2022

Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://192.248.9.226/handle/123/19391

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item: Conference-Full-text
Analyzing the combined influence of accessibility and capacity of roads on urban density, land use mix and vitality
(Sri Lanka Society of Transport and Logistics, 2022-08) Dilrukshi, DMVA; Jayasinghe, A; Perera, N; Thibbotuwawa, A
Research focuses on analyzing the factors behind the change of urban form and its relationships. The main four urban form elements are recognized as Road network, land use mix, density and vitality based on natural movement and Transport land use feedback theory. A Road network is a combination of accessibility and capacity of the road, which can be referred as topological and mobility characteristics. Planners have identified theories and relationships, but never captured the combined influence of topological and mobility parameters of the road networks. It is required to analyze and quantify the Combined Influence of Accessibility and Capacity of Roads on Land Use Mix, Urban Density, and Vitality to identify the behavior of the urban form. This research was conducted in Colombo, Kurunagala, and Mawanlla. Results reveal the combined influence of accessibility and Capacity of roads to change land use, density and vitality. MATLAB 3D graphs, SPSS regression correlation analysis have been used to model real ground data. Cities have been tested for Accessibility and Capacity of road parameters. The study has recognized that the influence of accessibility varies from 50% - to 60% and the influence of the Capacity of Roads varies from 30% – to 45%. The study can be used for local and urban planning and will be a guide for preparing future plans and regulations.
item: Conference-Full-text
Assessing the impact of lean and agile supply chain strategies on effective covid-19-mass vaccinations
(Sri Lanka Society of Transport and Logistics, 2022-08) Gomes, K; Perera, HN; Perera, N; Thibbotuwawa, A
A properly designed vaccine supply chain that uses suitable supply chain strategies can facilitate an effective mass vaccination that minimises COVID-19 infections and deaths. This study assesses the impact of two supply chain strategies which are Lean supply chain strategy and Agile supply chain strategy on effective mass vaccination using a two-stage approach. In the initial stage, we developed an optimal vaccine distribution network under both Lean and Agile supply chain strategies separately, for a selected scenario in Colombo, Sri Lanka. In the second stage, we have developed a Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Recovered (SEIR) model for COVID-19 which reflects the impact on infections and deaths when using the two different supply chain strategies. Results of this study reflect that a higher percentage of lead time saving can be achieved when using the Agile supply chain strategy. Moreover, when using Agile strategy, a considerable reduction of infections and deaths can be expected for the considered scenario despite a cost accumulation of approximately 32%.
item: Conference-Full-text
Benefits of using unmanned aerial vehicles for last-mile vaccine delivery in Sri Lanka
(Sri Lanka Society of Transport and Logistics, 2022-08) Gunaratne, K; Thibbotuwawa, A; Hewage, HC; Vasegaard, AE; Perera, N; Thibbotuwawa, A
The faster speed, low maintenance cost, and absence of dependency on roads in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) have propagated their application as a successful alternative to road delivery. Hence, it is suggested as a solution to overcome the distribution inefficiencies in the vaccine cold chain of Sri Lanka. Because of the last-mile delivery problems and routine distribution of vaccines, UAV delivery is recommended for the network arc between the Regional Medical Supplies Division (RMSD) and its respective Medical Officer of Health (MOH) units. An existing delivery plan was compared against UAV delivery solutions using 5 key performance indices (KPI) to determine the potential advantages of using UAVs in the above-mentioned distribution arc. From the comparison, it was revealed that when UAVs are included, the time consumption and carbon dioxide emission are reduced significantly resulting in a more efficient and environmentally friendly delivery network. However, due to the limited number of flights in the current context, economic benefits can be realized only if the cost of the Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) is funded. Instead, if the UAS cost is borne by the government, the high capital cost exceeds the operational savings, leading to a higher cost per vial compared to the status quo. Nonetheless, once the initial setup cost is overcome UAVs can reduce the operational cost vastly, ensuring the longevity of the vaccine program. Moreover, even though the homogenous (i.e., Only UAV) solution yields better savings than the heterogeneous (i.e., Truck and UAV) solution, considering the higher capital resources required to implement the homogeneous solution, later is recommended for the initial execution.
item: Conference-Full-text
Benefits realisation of robotic process automation (rpa) initiatives in supply chains
(Sri Lanka Society of Transport and Logistics, 2022-08) Piyatilake, A; Vitharanage, ID; De Silva, M; Thibbotuwawa, A; Perera, N; Thibbotuwawa, A
Robotic Process Automation (RPA) is becoming an integral part of today’s businesses that compete in more dynamic business environments as it helps to automate rule-based, repetitive tasks. However, it is necessary to identify benefits realisation key success factors (BRKSFs) applicable for RPA initiatives, given that most of the initiatives are failures. This research aims to identify BRKSFs and hierarchical relationship between BRKSFs relevant to RPA initiatives. Research findings are conveyed as a model which shows the hierarchical relationship. According to the findings, having a clear, well-defined, and immutable process is the most significant BRKSF as its driving power over the other factors is high. Overall, the findings of this study will help researchers and industry practitioners to identify a priority order between RPA BRKSFs.
item: Conference-Full-text
Challenges for circular economy adoption in sustainable food supply chains
(Sri Lanka Society of Transport and Logistics, 2022-08) Pannila, N; Jayalath, MM; Thibbotuwawa, A; Perera, N; Thibbotuwawa, A
This study seeks to identify challenging factors to the adoption of the circular economy in the food supply chain. A total of 17 challenging factors have been identified via a systematic literature review. The challenging factors were grouped into 6 categories: economic, social, institutional, technological and informational, supply chain, and organizational. To prioritize the challenging factors based on literature importance, a literature frequency analysis method was utilized. The possibility of misestimations in challenges ranking that result from frequency analysis is eliminated by employing an article-level research citation metric of Field-Weighted Citation Impact. The findings reveal that the three most critical challenges to adopting circular economy in the food supply chain are cost efficiency consideration, less enforcement of legislation and regulations, and lack of long-term shared vision among stakeholders. The findings will help managers, decision-makers, practitioners, and governments to formulate policies and strategies to effectively implement circular practices in the food industry.
item: Conference-Full-text
Comparing different metaheuristic methods in solving a real-world application of vehicle routing problem
(Sri Lanka Society of Transport and Logistics, 2022-08) Fernando, WM; Thibbotuwawa, A; Perera, HN
This research applied an extension of the Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) to optimize the distribution processes of a supermarket chain. This model is a combination of CVRP (Capacitated VRP), MDVRP (Multi-depot VRP), and HFVRP (Heterogenous fleet VRP). The applied model aims to minimize the distribution cost of the selected supermarket chain. All the constraints of the VRP model were defined based on the operational practices of the application. The research aimed to compare the performances of three metaheuristic methods, Simulated Annealing (SA), Tabu Search (TS), and Guided Local Search (GLS) in optimizing the real-world application. Results highlighted that GLS outperformed in terms of the quality of the solutions and the computation time in optimizing the selected distribution network. This research is significant because it tests both the VRP model and the three metaheuristic methods using a real-world industry application.
item: Conference-Full-text
The design of travel routes in wang nam khiao sub-distinct nakhon ratchasima province based on logistics principles and tourists’ behavior
(Sri Lanka Society of Transport and Logistics, 2022-08) Tanaiutchawoot, N; Manmai, C; Pokati, T; Srina, S; Ariyarit, A; Kasemsri, R; Perera, N; Thibbotuwawa, A
The objectives of this research project are to (1) support communities and natural resources in the province that have the potential to become tourist attractions; (2) design a route for community-based tourism and natural resources to accommodate the factors in travelers' diverse decisions and logistics systems; and (3) develop methods or tools for accessing tourist attraction information and presenting community-based tourism routes and natural resources to accommodate the diverse behavioral patterns. This research combines a survey to collect preliminary tourist attraction data with an experimental study to investigate the travel route using a computer program system. Wang Nam Khiao in Nakhon Ratchasima Province is the case study. According to the results of 107 travelers, 46.7 percent preferred to go for two days and one night. More than half of those questioned chose nature tourism, sightseeing, and camping. Twenty attractive tourist places are classified into 5 categories including camping areas, cultural tourism, natural tourism, farms, and cafés. The GAMs program is used to determine the tourism routes based on the traveling salesman and conditions from the survey results. The results show 4 tourism routes that pass 4 attraction tourism areas and 1 camping area and are then presented in the brochure.
item: Conference-Full-text
Determining reliable section-wise bus travel times using gps data: a case study of Kandy city
(Sri Lanka Society of Transport and Logistics, 2022-08) Ubayasekara, P; Dhananjaya, D; Kumarage, AS; Perera, N; Thibbotuwawa, A
Reforming bus operations in Kandy City is a part of the ongoing Strategic City Development Project. This study carries out under the GPS data analysis of the Kandy Bus Reforms Project (KBRP). The GPS data consists of device id number, device time, GPS coordinates, and bus speed at that moment. Capturing bus trips of selected bus routes, obtaining arrival times, dwell times, and departure times from waypoints, performing a summary of monthly bus trips, and providing reliable bus travel times to the passengers in different periods are the main objectives of this study. The data cleaning, reading, and analysis are executed using Python programming language with several data manipulating libraries. The initial study has done for Kandy – Amunugama route with the GPS data collected for 2 months.
item: Conference-Full-text
Determining the level of service of bus transportation in sri lankan context
(Sri Lanka Society of Transport and Logistics, 2022-08) Herath, E; Sivakumar, T; Perera, N; Thibbotuwawa, A
Assessing the existing service quality of public bus transportation is a key requirement to identify potential improvements in buses. Level of service has been identified as an effective indicator to measure the service quality of buses. Even-though the definition of LOS says it should be measured based on user perception, existing LOS scale values have been derived through expert judgement. This research attempts to derive LOS threshold values for selected six service attributes (loading level, speed, service hours, waiting time, reliability, and frequency of service) which affect the level of service of public buses based on user perception using law of successive scaling technique. The derived LOS benchmarks are ranging from LOS A to LOS E which denotes the “best” to “worst” levels. The results of the study can be used to identify the existing service level of buses and thus to identify potential improvements for public buses in terms of identified service attributes.
item: Conference-Full-text
Development of a microscopic traffic simulation model for Galle road, Colombo
(Sri Lanka Society of Transport and Logistics, 2022-08) Jayasinghe, T; Sivakumar, T; Kumarage, AS; Perera, N; Thibbotuwawa, A
This research attempts to build a microscopic traffic simulation model for a 17km road section in the Galle Road corridor in Colombo, Sri Lanka. The simulation was developed by utilizing existing traffic counts collected at multiple intersections. The developed model is validated with actual hourly traffic speeds on the corridor. This simulation platform can be used to evaluate different traffic management interventions.
item: Conference-Full-text
Exploring the impact of covid-19 on mobility in Colombo metropolitan region, Sri Lanka
(Sri Lanka Society of Transport and Logistics, 2022-08) Ranaweera, NN; Jayasinghe, A; Perera, N; Thibbotuwawa, A
To combat the COVID-19 pandemic, the Sri Lankan government has initiated a variety of travel restrictions, particularly in the Colombo Metropolitan Region (CMR). With over 50% of cases and significantly different CMR mobility patterns, the CMR has evolved as the focal point of the COVID-19 outbreak in Sri Lanka. However, only a few research have been carried out to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mobility in Sri Lanka. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to investigate the influence of COVID-19 on CMR mobility at different times throughout the COVID-19 epidemic. The mobility change in Sri Lanka was examined using the Google COVID-19 Community Mobility Change data. 934 questionnaire survey samples were used to analyze the change in CMR mobility. The results indicate that whereas residential mobility in Sri Lanka increased by up to 50% following the epidemic, mobility in the workplace, transportation, parks, pharmacies, and retail decreased. According to the survey's findings, daily travel frequency has dropped by more than 50%, and people prefer their private vehicles over public transportation. Therefore, the study gives essential and practical information to transportation engineers, planners, and decision-makers to take effective actions to regulate the pandemic situations and mobility.
item: Conference-Full-text
Food logistics: a study on lobster fisheries, Sri Lanka
(Sri Lanka Society of Transport and Logistics, 2022-08) Basnayake, RL; De Silva, DAM; Ekanayake, S; Liyanage, U; Perera, N; Thibbotuwawa, A
Food logistics is playing a vital role because of the importance of on-time delivery with minimum or no food waste since the majority of food products have a very short shelf-life. Lobster fishery is one of the most economically important marine coastal fishing activities, since it is a good source of foreign exchange. This study carried to studying of the current logistics practices in lobster fisheries, to identify the loopholes in the current logistics system and to recommend strategies to improve the system. Interviewer administrated questionnaires, in-depth interviews were facilitated to collect required data from 30 fishermen, 05 collectors and 03 exporters. The results revealed that, the supply chain of lobsters is consists with fishermen, collector, distributor and exporter or local hotels and the inbound freight management is in very poor level with zero traceability from upstream to downstream. while outbound logistics are more concerning on keeping product quality since, the end product is exporting as live animals. Introducing proper cages to handle the animals, training on importance of proper inbound logistics management and further, precise planning, execution, and efficient monitoring to effectively manage the movement of lobster from sea to plate with minimum wastage.
item: Conference-Full-text
Identifying best practices in supplier selection using a comprehensive benchmarking framework
(Sri Lanka Society of Transport and Logistics, 2022-08) Dharmadasa, N; De Silva, MM; Thibbotuwawa, A; Perera, N; Thibbotuwawa, A
Supplier selection is highly industry specific with the industry specific regulations and requirements, making gauging the quality of the process difficult. This arises the requirement for industry practitioners and quality institutes to benchmark the Supplier Selection Process (SSP) to identify where the process adapted currently stands and what are the good practices within the industry. To cater to that need, this study has three objectives: to identify current supplier selection practices adopted by Sri Lankan practitioners, to derive a base benchmarking framework to assess the SSP of a firm and to identify best practices adapted by industry practitioners using the framework. This is achieved through a two-phase methodology: framework derivation and framework validation. From the validation phase it was discovered that employing such benchmarking framework creates opportunities for firms to improve existing SSP.
item: Conference-Full-text
Identifying the operational process of a ro-ro terminal using system dynamics modelling
(Sri Lanka Society of Transport and Logistics, 2022-08) Manatunga, A; Weerasinghe, BA; Perera, N; Kiessner, P; Perera, N; Thibbotuwawa, A
The growth of Roll on Roll off (Ro-Ro) shipping operations have become significant in global maritime operations with the continued growth of the global automobile distribution. To optimize Ro-Ro terminal operations, it is required to identify the major processes that takes place within a Ro-Ro terminal. This study identifies the major operational flows within the Ro-Ro terminal using Systems Dynamics (SD) modelling. Five causal loops are identified and discussed in the study which are tested under the actual operations of a well-reputed Ro-Ro terminal. First loop refers to basic assignment between berths and storage yards, while loops 2 and 3 describe variables in discharging and loading vehicles consecutively. Loop 4 describes the procedure of allocating drivers to loading and discharging processes while loop 5 focuses on its impact towards loading and discharging times of vehicles. This study demonstrates the major actors that impact the rate of transferring an incoming set of vehicles to a yard location in the Ro-Ro terminal. Location and layout of the yard and berthing areas, operational restrictions within the Ro-Ro terminal, terminal specific operational procedures and impact of the human factors have been identified.
item: Conference-Full-text
Indicators to evaluate sustainable freight transportation strategy: case study on gps installation to freight vehicle
(Sri Lanka Society of Transport and Logistics, 2022-08) Fernando, A; Edirisinghe\, A; Dayara, S; Madushani, N; Sharic, S; Perera, N; Thibbotuwawa, A
Installation of Global Positioning System (GPS) technology on freight vehicles is a significant strategy that paves the way for sustainability in freight transportation. Hence, evaluating the outcomes of the above-mentioned strategy using appropriate indicators is paramount important. Even though fuel cost and carbon emission have been used as indicators to evaluate sustainability in freight transportation, they fail to produce meaningful comparative evaluation along with vehicle categories. The purpose of this study is to propose ‘fuel cost per vehicle’ and ‘carbon emission per vehicle’ as the indicators for evaluating sustainable freight transportation using Vehicle Miles Travelled (VMT). Secondary data on the total carbon emission of all the vehicles irrespective of GPS installed or not, VMT for both GPS installed, and GPS non-installed vehicles were collected. Methods have been proposed to define the proposed indicators using the collected data. The proposed indicators reveal that the per vehicle carbon emission and per vehicle fuel cost are lower for GPS installed vehicles over GPS non installed vehicles (6,987.64Kg versus 17,791.35Kg, LKR269,432.59 versus LKR686,008.02). The findings align with existing scholarly work and industrial application on GPS installation of freight vehicles. This research contributes to performance evaluation of sustainable freight transportation.
item: Conference-Full-text
Influencing factors for demand disruptions of fast-moving consumer goods during a pandemic in Sri Lanka
(Sri Lanka Society of Transport and Logistics, 2022-08) Pathirawasam, D; Hewage, U; Perera, N; Thibbotuwawa, A
Not only Covid 19 pandemic but other new pandemics will also emerge in the future. Therefore, understanding the reasons for the disruption of consumer demand during a pandemic is critical for a speedy recovery of the market. Thus, the study fills the gap in the literature on demand disruptions during a pandemic to fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) under the category of ‘personal care’ and ‘home care’ in the Sri Lankan context. The paired t-test output emphasizes that there is a significant impact on the consumption of ‘personal care’ and ‘home care’ products during the pandemic period compared to the same days in the pre-pandemic. Therefore, influencing factors to a demand disruption of FMCG during a pandemic in a global context are searched through a literature survey, validated to the Sri Lankan context ‘personal care’ and ‘home care’ category with the reviews from 12 managerial level experts in 4 leading FMCG companies and finally quantified variables using Pearson correlation and Kendall’s tau-b tests.
item: Conference-Full-text
Investigation of tod-ness of small and medium towns in Sri Lanka
(Sri Lanka Society of Transport and Logistics, 2022-08) Wanigasekara, GVTP; Mahanama, PKS; Jayasinghe, AB; Perera, N; Thibbotuwawa, A
Transit Oriented Development (TOD) has been a promising planning concept which strengthen the land use and transport integration for a sustainable development. As per the concept benefits of TOD are manifold but it may differ for each stakeholder in planning. However, several studies related TOD concept further reveal that there is lacking part in spatially evaluation process of TOD concept. Addition to that there is no generally accepted process for or set of study and identify the pattern of TOD ness. This issue directly impacts on planners, decision makers and practitioners while getting the perception of existing physical and functional conditions of areas which they are planning to develop, upgrade or maintain. In the way of decision-making process in planning to encourage transit-oriented development(s) in a place, it is essential terminology to have a well direct analytical process to study the current status of TOD ness with related factors at a location and in an area. By based on several frameworks there are several studies have done in global context. But there is nothing can identify any related study for investigating TOD ness in Sri Lankan city background.
item: Conference-Full-text
Land-use change dynamics and automated feature extraction using high-resolution satellite imagery
(Sri Lanka Society of Transport and Logistics, 2022-08) Dey, M; Prakash, PS; Chandrashekar, CM; Aithal, BH; Perera, N; Thibbotuwawa, A
The mapping of urban landscapes is a challenging task due to their dense and diverse characteristics. The changing urban environment with developing infrastructure demands constant updates and accurate extraction techniques. Recent advancement in geospatial technology has led to the capture of high-resolution data and its analysis at a finer scale. However, a sustainable development framework necessitates the understanding of spatial patterns incorporating vertical and horizontal components of the built-up volume. This study aims to understand the changing landscape at the pixel level by analysing features along with their volumetric expansion. The findings highlight that Bangalore city’s urban growth has shown increment over the period with volumetric expansion in all parts of the city based on events of changing demand and growth. The evaluation metrics indicate that the model can be generalised for any geographical location as well as to different sensor type images.
item: Conference-Full-text
Microscopic simulation of parking violations in curbside with-flow bus priority lanes using sumo traffic control interface (traci)
(Sri Lanka Society of Transport and Logistics, 2022-08) Samarakoon, GS; Sivakumar, T; Perera, N; Thibbotuwawa, A
This study is focused on developing a methodology for microscopic simulation of parking violation behaviours in Bus Priority Lanes (BPLs) to understand the impact of frequency and duration of such violations on their performance. Parking violations were simulated in SUMO by a process that automates vehicle insertion and the act of performing the violations, incorporating the randomness of violation position and time as observed in real-world parking violations. The advantages of the developed methodology were its efficiency by automation of scenario and output generation and its ability to be easily adapted to other networks.
item: Conference-Full-text
Multiple disruptions on vegetable supply chain: a case of rural transport and logistics
(Sri Lanka Society of Transport and Logistics, 2022-08) Hansika, ST; Wickramarathne, IM; Sandamith, WM; De Silva, DAM; Perera, N; Thibbotuwawa, A
Vegetable supply chains are vital for food, nutrition, and economic wellbeing of the rural communities of the central highlands of Sri Lanka. Rural transport and road networks are playing a significant role in connecting farmers to distinct markets. The performance of highly perishable agricultural produce depends on the nature and structure of the rural transport system. The study aimed to explore the role of rural transport and logistics on the vegetable supply chain, find out the supply chain disruptions derived from rural transport and logistics systems, and propose mitigation measures to manage the supply chain disruptions. Participatory approaches were used to explore the status of the rural transport and logistics systems while focus group discussions with vegetable supply chain actors of Boralanda, Bogahakumbura, Wangiyakumbura, Kepettipola, Welimada, and Nuwara Eliya provided the primary data requirements. Road networks connecting urban centers and cities are well established but road networks of rural mountain areas are underdeveloped and non-motorized transport modes are common. Postharvest losses are very high and farmers receive marginal returns. Rural road infrastructure will facilitate outside traders to collect the fresh produce from mountain areas and operations are not economically feasible. Quality of road network and available mode of transport influences vehicle operating costs, transit times, and other factors affecting the turn-around of services and therefore their profitability.

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