MERCon - 2023

Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://192.248.9.226/handle/123/22081

Browse

Now showing 1 - 20 of 137

item: Conference-Full-text
3d modeling and visualization of archaeological sites using modern engineering tools to promote tourism in Sri Lanka
(IEEE, 2023-12-09) Kodagoda, G; Wijesinghe, WHMCM; Illangarathna, ANL; Peiris, MDCD; Soysa, HSA; Virudake, PWS; Gunathilaka, HHC; Jayalath, JPME; Jayasinghe, YASS; Isuranda, NW; Jayasooriya, N; Kularathna, AHTS; Abeysooriya, R; Adikariwattage, V; Hemachandra, K
The development of technology has paved the way to apply modern engineering tools in interdisciplinary perspectives. As a country relying heavily on tourism, the ancient heritage of Sri Lanka has its unique features, though it has not been well presented to the world of tourism. Thus, there exists a research gap in reaching out to the world, where the solution lies in collaborating among the fields of Engineering, Archeology and Tourism. The aim of the research is to reduce this gap in visualization of archaeological sites in Sri Lanka integrating modern engineering tools. The methodology involved site visits for physical data collection, drone mappings and 3D scanning. The obtained data is digitized using suitable mapping techniques. The digitized data is used for 3D model creation and visualization which involves steps of platform selection, texturing and rendering with the aid of Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality Techniques. The established framework is applied to two case studies; Thuparamaya Circular Relic House and Jethawanaramaya Image House. With the successful validation of the developed framework for the two case studies, it can be concluded that the developed framework can be used at other ancient archeological sites to promote tourism in Sri Lanka.
item: Conference-Full-text
Adaptive droop controller for energy management of islanded ac microgrids
(IEEE, 2023-12-09) Ediriweera, WEPS; Lidula, NWA; Abeysooriya, R; Adikariwattage, V; Hemachandra, K
Distribution feeders with high penetration of renewable power generation can be converted into microgrids for providing more quality power with increased reliability. Virtual synchronous inertia is used to increase the inertia of inverter-based microgrids to provide the same performance as synchronous generators. Frequency stability and power sharing among the distributed energy resources of islanded microgrids would be challenging due to poor transient response with droop controllers and inaccurate selection of droop values. This article proposes an adaptive droop controller for a microgrid in islanded operation that has several distributed energy resources including solar PV, diesel generator, and energy storage. Droop values, and reference values in the droop characteristics curve are decided based on the severity of the frequency disturbance and the state of charge level of the energy storage. The performance of the proposed droop controller is verified using a radial-connected microgrid derived based on a real distribution system. The results illustrate that during a disturbance, the proposed adaptive droop controller can slightly boost the diesel generator's output power with a minimum loss of charge of the energy storage.
item: Conference-Full-text
An adaptive yolo model for detection of faulty insulators in power transmission network using unmanned aerial vehicle
(IEEE, 2023-12-09) Ahnaf Shihab, ULM; Apsaan, MTMS; Fayas Ahamed, MH; Razeeya, MRE; Juhaniya, AIS; Abeysooriya, R; Adikariwattage, V; Hemachandra, K
Effective monitoring and problem detection are thought necessary for assuring continuous power supply. This study developed a machine learning approach to detect and diagnose insulator failures in power transmission lines by analyzing photos of cracked, polluted, and flash-overed insulators recorded using a drone. Through numerous rounds of the object recognition model YOLO (You Only Look Once), a diverse dataset of power transmission line photos was used to train and compare the performance of an enhanced YOLOv8x model versus YOLOv5n, YOLOv5x, YOLOv7, YOLOv7x, and YOLOv8n. Furthermore, approaches such as transfer learning and augmentation have been used to improve the model’s performance. The YOLOv8x model outperformed the other YOLO models tested, with an accuracy of 0.94, recall of 0.934, and Mean Average Precision (mAP) at 0.5 of 0.944 for insulator failure detection. The suggested fault detection machine learning approach combined with a dronebased system provides an adaptive fault monitoring system with high precision and low cost.
item: Conference-Full-text
AHP analysis to evaluate challenging factors affecting border crossing point’s operation efficiency in Mongolia
(IEEE, 2023-12-09) Erdene, JJ; Perera, KPDF; Kazushi, S; Abeysooriya, R; Adikariwattage, V; Hemachandra, K
This research uses the Analytic Hierarchy Process method to identify key factors affecting border port operations in landlocked Mongolia. Factors include transportation, government policy, procedure, capacity building, and information technology. The AHP method calculates influencing weights and surveys experts to determine priority factors and identify areas for improvement to facilitate international trade.
item: Conference-Full-text
Analysis of flow induced vibration of high head francis turbine
(IEEE, 2023-12-09) Chandima, GPR; Miyanawala, TP; Nissanka, ID; Abeysooriya, R; Adikariwattage, V; Hemachandra, K
The Francis hydro turbines are designed for the medium head power applications and in special circumstances, the high head Francis turbines are designed to convert the kinetic energy of the fluid to mechanical energy. The high head increases the potential of having high speed flow with high vibration levels. Hence, in high head Francis turbines design parameters should be optimized to get the maximum power output while avoiding abnormal phenomena such as excessive vibration, flow separation at the draft side, cavitation, and Karman vortex generation. Vane Pass Frequency (VPF) is one of the major issues that create series of harmful effects on the turbines and auxiliary parts because of superimposing of the vibration pulses and resonance of the adjacent parts. The VPF can resonate the auxiliary equipment, penstocks and turbines parts vibrate itself by forced vibration, which should be mitigated to protect the turbine. Hence, this research aims to study the flow induced vibration in high-head Francis turbines to establish the optimum parameters to mitigate the issues caused by vibrations. One of the power plants in Sri Lanka was used as a case-study for the research. At the final commissioning stage of this power station, a serious vibration and noise problem in the Francis turbine and steel penstock was detected. The dominant frequency of the vibration was identified as 180Hz and it was established that frequency generated from the turbine vanes. The study is continuing to analyse the remedial actions to minimize the vibration effects to the power plant equipment.
item: Conference-Full-text
Analysis of passenger perception on quality of service of railway transportation: coastal railway line, Sri Lanka
(IEEE, 2023-12-09) Thilakshan, T; Saranjan, P; Fernando, GVK; Bandara, JMSJ; Abeysooriya, R; Adikariwattage, V; Hemachandra, K
The study focuses on assessing passenger perceptions of the service quality of the Sri Lankan Railways, focusing on the Coastal Railway Line in Sri Lanka. To determine areas for development and assess passenger satisfaction levels in terms of service quality, the study uses a questionnaire survey and interviews. The study considers important factors that affect passenger satisfaction, including air conditioning, seating comfort, and availability, the availability and usability of doors and windows, restroom amenities, and informational offerings. In order to increase overall passenger satisfaction, the study identifies the need to improve the level of punctuality, cleanliness, safety, comfort, and customer service. The Coastal Railway Line can become a more dependable, effective, and passenger-focused means of transportation by addressing these issues. Policymakers, transportation authorities, and other stakeholders can use the research findings to adopt the necessary improvements and actions that are in line with customer expectations. The ultimate objective is to support Sri Lanka's development of a viable and passenger-focused rail network, delivering a great travel experience for all rail customers. The railway system can foster a more welcoming environment for passengers and support the general expansion of the transportation industry with enhancements in these areas.
item:
Analyzing key determinants affecting electric vehicle adoption in Sri Lanka: a comprehensive evaluation
(IEEE, 2023-11-09) Saranjan, P; Thilakshan, T; Bandara, JMSJ; Abeysooriya, R; Adikariwattage, V; Hemachandra, K
This study examines the factors influencing the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) in Sri Lanka using a Multi- Attribute Utility Theory (MAUT) approach. The online questionnaire received responses from 210 participants, providing valuable insights into their preferences and expectations. The Likert scale was employed to assess the importance of various factors and attributes associated with EV adoption. MAUT was applied to analyze the collected data, taking into account multiple criteria and subjective user preferences. The analysis highlighted the significance of vehicle performance, financial factors, government policies, environmental concerns, product knowledge, social influence, and infrastructure availability in shaping EV adoption. Furthermore, the study also identified the importance of specific attributes within each factor and the preferences of the different respondent groups. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the factors driving EV adoption and guide policymakers and stakeholders in promoting sustainable transportation solutions in Sri Lanka.
item: Conference-Full-text
Analyzing the battery thermal behaviour under Sri Lankan driving and ambient conditions
(IEEE, 2023-12-09) Padmaperuma, C; Dissanayake, P; Gajanayake, S; Abeysooriya, R; Adikariwattage, V; Hemachandra, K
On par with the technological advancements, the usage of electric vehicles (EVs) has been significantly prevalent in most parts of the world, even in the developing third world countries. During the study, it focusses on the battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and an analysis on the thermal behavior of the battery of a BEV is performed. A two-way analysis is conducted since both theoretical approach and the simulation-based approach are utilized. The thermal profile of the battery of a BEV is analyzed against the modelled localized driving pattern, i.e., Colombo Metropolitan Driving Cycle and when the analysis is performed, local ambient temperature conditions have been used. Functional relationships have been developed between the tractive power and the power generated from the battery and the thermal profile which is determined theoretically is compared against the simulation-based battery thermal profile which is generated using MATLAB Simscape development environment. Significant similarities are witnessed between the theoretical plots and the plots which are generated by the simulations whereas certain discrepancies have also been identified and critically analyzed.
item: Conference-Full-text
Applicability of eco-friendly solar adsorption refrigeration systems to reduce the energy consumption in industrial refrigeration applications
(IEEE, 2023-12-09) Punchihewa, KUC; Abeynayake, AADI; Weerasinghe, TS; Wijewardane, A; Amarasinghe, S; Jayasekara, JAGS; Abeysooriya, R; Adikariwattage, V; Hemachandra, K
Hot and humid countries in the tropics spend a significant amount of energy for their refrigeration and air conditioning (RAC) applications due to the year-round high temperatures and relative humidities in the region. The choice of an efficient RAC system will reduce the cost of energy as well as the emission of greenhouse gasses while controlling the required thermal condition for the given applications. Introducing and off-grid RAC system for a multi-day fishing boat beneficial as currently a fishing boat carries ice to fish ratio of 2:1 per one turn, to preserve the catch. The presence of onboard refrigeration system powered by renewable energy, will triple the fish harvest per turn due to the savings of the space occupied by ice. The conventional refrigeration systems such as the Vapor Compression Refrigeration systems consume electricity due to the compression process. A solar powered adsorption refrigeration systems can be a better alternative to a vapor compression system. The systems can be designed from a pair of Activated Carbon - Ammonia as adsorbent - adsorbate pair. Adsorption bed can be heated by the solar radiation instead of fossil fuels. This paper presents the numerical analysis of a solar-adsorption refrigeration system for fish preservation application.
item: Conference-Full-text
Application of hec-ras 2d model to simulate scour depth around bridge piers-a case study on Kelanisiri bridge, Sri Lanka
(IEEE, 2023-12-09) Thembiliyagoda, A; De Silva, K; Wijayaratna, N; Abeysooriya, R; Adikariwattage, V; Hemachandra, K
Scouring refers to the lowering of the level of river bed due to water erosion. Formation of vortices in the vicinity of bridges due to obstruction caused to river flow by piers and abutments is the core rationale behind this pursuit. Precise scour depth prediction allows for cost-effective proactive measures, preventing more disruptive actions required when addressing advanced stage scour related issues. Within the scope of this study, a two-dimensional numerical model is developed using the HEC-RAS software for the determination of scour depth around the bridge piers of Kelanisiri bridge. Change in bed elevation around the bridge pier provides the depth of scour hole formed due to a considered flood event. A scour depth of 3.8 m and 4.3 m were obtained around the two piers of Kelanisiri bridge. Results of the simulation were validated with observed data and model performance was analyzed using statistical parameters. As per the results, two-dimensional hydraulic model coupled with the sediment transport model produced a reliable estimation of the river bed level change and the scour depth around the bridge piers. Further validation of the model results can be accomplished based on a series of laboratory-scale experiments.
item: Conference-Full-text
Application of metaheuristic algorithms for generation system adequacy evaluation
(IEEE, 2023-12-09) Amarasinghe, PAGM; Abeygunawardane, SK; Abeysooriya, R; Adikariwattage, V; Hemachandra, K
The evaluation of generation system adequacy has become a complex procedure due to the variability of renewable power generation. Renewable power models associated with Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) require a considerable amount of processing power, especially when periodical variations of renewables are modeled. This paper analyses the application of different metaheuristic algorithms for evaluating the adequacy of renewable-rich power generation systems. The IEEE reliability test system is modified and used for conducting several case studies. The utilized metaheuristic algorithms are validated using sequential simulations and it is found that problem-specific Evolutionary Swarm Algorithm (ESA) provides more accurate estimations for generation system adequacy indices. In this study, the improvement of generation system adequacy is analyzed when integrating different renewable power proportions into the system. The intra-day reliability variation of the system is analyzed for different solar and wind penetration levels. The reliability improvement provided by renewable generators to the generation system adequacy is quantified by estimating the respective Effective Load Carrying Capabilities (ELCCs) of solar and wind generation. The ELCCs of 100 MW solar and 100 MW wind generation are found to be 26 MW and 43 MW, respectively.
item: Conference-Full-text
Application of noise filter mechanism for t5-based text-to-sql generation
(IEEE, 2023-12-09) Aadhil Rushdy, MR; Thayasivam, U; Abeysooriya, R; Adikariwattage, V; Hemachandra, K
The objective of the text-to-SQL task is to convert natural language queries into SQL queries. However, the presence of extensive text-to-SQL datasets across multiple domains, such as Spider, introduces the challenge of effectively generalizing to unseen data. Existing semantic parsing models have struggled to achieve notable performance improvements on these crossdomain datasets. As a result, recent advancements have focused on leveraging pre-trained language models to address this issue and enhance performance in text-to-SQL tasks. These approaches represent the latest and most promising attempts to tackle the challenges associated with generalization and performance improvement in this field. This paper proposes an approach to evaluate and use the Seq2Seq model providing the encoder with the most pertinent schema items as the input and to generate accurate and valid cross-domain SQL queries using the decoder by understanding the skeleton of the target SQL query. The proposed approach is evaluated using Spider dataset which is a well-known dataset for text-to-sql task and able to get promising results where the Exact Match accuracy and Execution accuracy has been boosted to 72.7% and 80.2% respectively compared to other best related approaches.
item: Conference-Full-text
Assessing the applicability of sub-bottom profiling towards identification of the bedrock level - a case study in Colombo harbor, Sri Lanka
(IEEE, 2023-12-09) Rathnayaka, HI; Ansanayaka, N; Pragash, C; Wickrama, MG; Senarathne, N; Ratnayake, N; Abeysooriya, R; Adikariwattage, V; Hemachandra, K
Numerous studies have been conducted on seabed classification using various methods such as echo sounders, side scan sonars, and sub-bottom profilers. Identification of the bedrock level underneath the seafloor is crucial, especially for safe and effective underwater constructions. The bedrock is stratified into layers, due to differential weathering. In order to accurately establish whether the reflection signatures produced from sub-bottom profiling match the fresh or weathered rock layer in the bedrock, an accurate interpretation of the signatures is necessary. This study employed a boomer profiler as the seismic sound source with a frequency of 1kHz to survey the west side of Colombo Port in Sri Lanka. Sub-bottom profiling data were interpreted using the SonarWiz software based on the principle of the trends of the reflected signal. The interpretation mainly focused on identifying the bedrock layer from the sub-bottom profile data and it includes 8 survey lines. 12 Borehole data was used to validate the interpreted results, along with the Standard Penetration Test (SPT) values. After conducting processing and validation procedures, the researchers concluded that the bedrock reflection signature was mostly derived from the sediment layers with SPT-50 level which has high stiffness in this study.
item: Conference-Full-text
Assessment of elbow rehabilitation using single dof robotic exoskeleton
(IEEE, 2023-12-09) Cooray, TMGCSP; Gopura, RARC; Abeysooriya, R; Adikariwattage, V; Hemachandra, K
Stroke is a leading cause of permanent disability or inconvenient movements among adults worldwide. Due to strokes, the ability to make quality movements has been reduced. Researchers have introduced rehabilitation processes to restore the quality of movement and improve the quality of life of patients. To assist and evaluate stroke patients, robotic devices have been introduced. These devices can improve the effectiveness of the process and reduce time. This research proposes a robotic system that can perform stroke evaluation and support the rehabilitation process. This research is divided into three stages. In the first stage, the torque of the patient’s elbow joint was calculated using the kinematics of the system and the dynamic model of the arm. The torque estimation model has three main functions: inertia parameters were calculated using research, motor torque was computed using motor current, and kinematics data were captured using IMU (Inertia Motion Unit) sensors. In the second stage, muscle activation was calculated using an optimization algorithm. An optimization algorithm was developed using the musculoskeletal properties of the human arm and hill-type muscle models. Muscle activation based on the optimization algorithm is compared with EMG to identify the correlation of the data. In the third stage, a quantitative assessment of spasticity was performed using the Tonic Stretch Reflex Threshold (TSRT) estimation. Experiments were carried out in healthy subjects with voluntary participation. TSRT and biomechanical measurements are used to classify stroke patients. The estimated muscle activation was validated using captured EMG signal profiles.
item: Conference-Full-text
Assessment of ni phytomining potential in Ginigalpelessa serpentinite deposit, southeast Sri Lanka
(IEEE, 2023-12-09) Dilshara, P; Senarath, S; Ratnayake, N; Abeysinghe, B; Premasiri, R; Dushyantha, N; Ratnayake, A; Batapola, N; Abeysooriya, R; Adikariwattage, V; Hemachandra, K
Nickel (Ni) phytomining is an emerging mining technique that uses hyperaccumulator plants to recover Ni from low-grade metal-rich soils such as serpentine. The Ginigalpelessa serpentinite deposit in Sri Lanka contains high concentrations of Ni, Cr, and Co where the phytomining potential is not well-documented. Therefore, the present study determines Ni, Cr, and Co contents in the soil and assesses the relationship between Ni content and plant diversity to identify potential areas for phytomining in the deposit. Thirty-one soil and twenty-five rock samples were collected from the deposit to analyze their metal contents. The abundant plant species were recorded at each location to analyze the plant diversity and species evenness using the Shannon Weiner Diversity Index. Based on soil analysis, Ni concentration in Ginigalpelessa serpentine soil ranged from 4,005 to 17,352 mg/kg which is within the range of global Ni phytomining grade (6,000 – 12,000 mg/kg). Moreover, areas having low diversity (0.0919 - 0.3061) showed high enrichment of Ni (7,000 - 12,000 mg/kg), emphasizing that low diversity areas with high Ni-enriched soils are suitable for in-situ Ni phytomining. However, further studies are required to assess the Ni hyperaccumulation ability of the abundant plant species to implement Ni phytomining in the Ginigalpelessa serpentinite deposit.
item: Conference-Full-text
Beyond the run-rate: forecasting framework for first innings score in t20 cricket
(IEEE, 2023-12-09) Abeysuriya, D; Fernando, S; Navarathna, R; Abeysooriya, R; Adikariwattage, V; Hemachandra, K
With the popularity of the T20 cricket format, the game of cricket has dramatically changed compared to several decades ago. Every year there are more than 100s matches played, which results in thousands of data that can be used by sports analysts in cricket. Several studies have attempted various analyses of the game, such as predicting the likelihood of a team’s victory, analyzing individual player performances and forecasting scores. However, forecasting scores has not been studied extensively and limited to specific teams, rather than a generalized approach. Our paper presents a generalised novel deep neural network-based method to predict the score of the first innings in a T20 international cricket match. The model utilizes various attributes in three categories namely a) current status of the match b) performance of the current batsmen and c) performance of the bowler and provides predictions for each over. We have used recent 5 years T20 international matches from 14 teams and tested our method in the 2022 ICC Men’s T20 World Cup. We demonstrate our findings quantitatively and qualitatively in this paper.
item:
Bridging the gap: advancing hydrological modelling for the Maduru Oya river basin
(IEEE, 2023-12-09) Nab, AW; Ratnasooriya, H; Bamunawala, J; Rajapakse, L; Abeysooriya, R; Adikariwattage, V; Hemachandra, K
This study addresses the issues arising in hydrological modelling due to the gaps in hydrological and meteorological data in the Maduru Oya River Basin in Sri Lanka by investigating the correlation between the Welikanda streamflow data of the Maduru Oya with the neighbouring Batticaloa rainfall data using Pearson and Spearman’s statistical tests. The relatively strong correlation coefficients (i.e., Pearson: 0.74, Spearman: 0.61) indicated a reliable relationship between rainfall and streamflow, confirming a statistically significant correlation. These results were supported by significant t-statistics (19.4, 13.6) and very low p-values (~0), providing strong evidence against random occurrences of hydrological events. The coefficient of determination analysis demonstrated that changes in rainfall could explain 55% of the variation in streamflow. Both datasets from Welikanda and Batticaloa gauging stations were used to develop an event-based HEC-HMS model, which demonstrated very good performance both in calibration (NSE: 0.96, RSR: 0.20, PBIAS: 5.17, R2: 0.96) and validation (NSE: 0.86, RSR: 0.37, PBIAS: -4.23, R2: 0.87). These findings have significant implications for water and flood management in the Maduru Oya River Basin, providing insights to overcome data scarcity in similar studies while emphasizing the importance of focused analysis in hydrological simulations in data-poor regions.
item: Conference-Full-text
Chesseye: an integrated framework for accurate and efficient chessboard reconstruction
(IEEE, 2023-12-09) Ranasinghe, P; Ranasinghe, P; Ashan, V; Abeysooriya, R; Adikariwattage, V; Hemachandra, K
This research paper presents a novel and generalizable approach for precisely detecting and identifying the configuration of pieces on both 2D and 3D chessboard images with different chess sets and varying background contexts. It makes a significant milestone in the digitalization of the chess world by enabling the recreation of physical chess boards on computer screens using a single image. It also provides a framework for real-time tracking and visualization of live chess games using video frames obtained directly from the camera. The novelty lies in the methodology that achieves remarkable accuracy through four key steps: (1) identifying the corner points of the chessboard, (2) detecting the chess pieces, (3) localizing the pieces within the chessboard, and (4) evaluating the position with the best possible variations. The introduction of the Fisher Linear Discriminant Analysis-based dynamic thresholding technique contributes to the perfect 100% accuracy in distinguishing between the white and black chess pieces. The entire algorithm undergoes a thorough experimentation and evaluation process, confirming the effectiveness and versatility of the proposed approach.
item:
Comparative analysis of artificial neural network and multiple linear regression models in predicting pressure transmission of soft pneumatic actuators used for active compression
(IEEE, 2023-11-09) Hedigalla, D; Ehelagasthenna, M; Nissanka, ID; Amarasinghe, R; Nandasiri, GK; Abeysooriya, R; Adikariwattage, V; Hemachandra, K
Compression therapy is a crucial treatment method for managing Chronic Venous Disease (CVD), a prevalent condition that affects the veins in the lower extremities. Active compression using soft pneumatic actuators was found to be effective in maintaining consistent pressure across the circumference of the lower limb. However, the optimum design parameters of the soft pneumatic actuator have not been established. Thus, this study analyzed the performance of predicting the pressure transmission percentage of soft pneumatic actuators via an artificial neural network (ANN) and multiple linear regression models (MLR) in establishing optimum design parameters. It was observed that the lowest MSE on training data was recorded from MLR, however, better performances were recorded for the ANN model on testing data. Moreover, the highest R-squared values were obtained from the ANN model. Hence it was concluded that the ANN model was superior in terms of establishing optimum design parameters for the soft pneumatic actuators which are used in compression textiles.
item: Conference-Full-text
Comparative analysis of running costs: conventional vs. sustainable industrial buildings during economic crises in Sri Lanka
(IEEE, 2023-12-09) Abeygunawardana, PGCM; Costa, MDD; Hadiwattege, C; Abeysooriya, R; Adikariwattage, V; Hemachandra, K
This research study compares and analyses the running costs between sustainable and conventional construction in the context of economic crises. The research methodology adopts a case study strategy with a mono-method approach, utilising document review as the data collection technique. Three sustainable-themed apparel manufacturing factory buildings and three conventional-type apparel manufacturing factories owned by leading brands in Sri Lanka were selected as case studies. Annual energy consumption reports, annual solar production reports, building maintenance schedules, and other relevant documents were reviewed and analysed. The findings reveal that during the pre and posteconomic crisis periods, the running costs of sustainable construction increased by 60% less compared to conventional construction. The implications of this research inform decisionmaking, investment strategies, and policy development, highlighting the economic benefits associated with adopting sustainable construction practices. Further research is recommended to explore specific strategies and technologies contributing to lower running costs in sustainable construction and examine the long-term financial resilience of the apparel manufacturing industry and other sectors. In summary, this research underscores the economic advantage of sustainable construction in reducing running costs and fostering a sustainable future in the construction industry.

Browse

Browsing MERCon - 2023 by Title