Faculty of Architecture, Town & Country Planning

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item: Thesis-Abstract
A Study of the evolution of urban form with special reference to fort area of Colombo, Sri Lanka
Kulatunge, SDDN
Spatial forms of urban area evolves with the change of time in order to take particular characteristics. Since the urban civilization. cities have under gone significant changes resulting in the present urban form and it is expected to continue the process. The urban spatial form is a process that reproduced the political forces. In this context a very few attemptshave been made to study the evolution of urban areas in Sri Lanka. This study attempted to explain the spatial form as a manifestation of political forces of Fort area in Colombo. This process influenced largely in different planning procedure carried out within this area. In such a situation this study painstakingly try to interpret and re-interpret the spatial for masamanifestation of political process as perceived by this research. This discussion uses maps. photographs, paintings and interview records of the professionals to support the argument . The records indicating the spatial form of the Fort area of Colombo at different periods of urban history with the contemporary political event . So. this study mainly concern with the evolutiotl of particular area, and the intention of this study is to create an understanding of the nature and behavior of the spatial for min the context of socio cultural, political and economical perspectives
item: Thesis-Abstract
Analyze factors of specialized land uses in urban areas : with special reference to the sanitary ware area in Nawala-Nugegoda
(2015-09-17) Ekanayaka Banda, UG; Mahanama, PKS
The city of Colombo and its suburban areas have experienced a rapid change in development during the past four decades with increasing growth and expansion of important economics activities. The government decisions to shift industries and office complexes to the immediate suburban areas of Colombo as well as the locational advantages and strong push factors in some of the suburban areas of Colombo, contributed to significant growth changes in these areas which include, Paliyagoda, Kiribathgoda, Nugegoda, Maharagama, Kaduwela, Piliynadala, Dehiwal Mount Lavenia and Moratuwa. In addition to the above mentioned sub urban areas, some significant ribbon development pattern is experienced along the arterial thoroughfares connecting to Colombo city and the other provinces in Sri Lanka. This type of development is evident on Colombo Kandy Road, Colombo Negombo Road, Colombo Ratnapura Road and Colombo Galle Road. It is evident, that the central area of the city has easy accessibility from immediate surroundings as well as more distant places. Therefore, the central business area tends to attract more business establishments and customers and achieved a greater potential to intensify its growth. With regard to this phenomenon, the Central Business Zone commands a higher real estate value and is occupied by a more intensive land uses. However, due to the expansion of port related import & export business activities and the increased demand for services and logistic sector activities the shifting of administrative and industrial establishments from the CBD of Colombo was inevitable. The above mentioned development scenarios in the city of Colombo has contributed to grow and expand the suburban centers of Colombo attracting new business and some of these suburban centers developed as specialized business zones. The Nawala Nugegoda sanitary ware zone has been developed as one such specialized zone, and the underline factors of which are analyzed under this study. It was revealed that, the residential boom in Kotte, Kaduwela, Maharagama, Dehiwala and Nugegoda areas had crated and increasing demand for building materials and sanitary ware items since the past four decades. This situation was capitalized by three leading companies who engage in sanitary ware business in Nawala Nugegoda area. With the continues demand for sanitary ware items from the surrounding area of Colombo metropolitan region as well as easy accessibility to Nawala Nugegoda area contributed in proliferation of small scale sanitary ware suppliers in the Nawala area. This land use specialization, especially along the Nawala Nugegoda road and Nawala Narahenpita road has generated significant positive impacts on the lives of the people as well as some negative impacts such as traffic congestion, in appropriate conversion of residential buildings to non residential uses were emerged in this area. However, it is significant to record that the land use specialization has generated more economic benefits to the city and provide convenience business environment for the customers. In this context, specialized land uses as an urban growth modal would bring more positive benefits to the economy.
item: Thesis-Abstract
Critical evaluation of development control measures of Urban Development Authority law in the process of urban land development in Sri Lanka: a case study of some selected towns in the wet zone
(2015-08-20) Dharmapala, MG
The term development control measures though more often than not have been interpretted in a negative way athose are the instruments that give effect to the meaning of development by managing any" objects material or otherwise with the environment, when it is a process of a action to achieve its own goal. Hence the concept of development always goes along with the development control measures. The development control measures related to urban land development are two-fold one is derived from macro pol icies such as land requlat ion. Land taxation etc., while the other is derived from micropohcies such as regulating the development activities etc. In Sri Lanka although these two measures are prevai Iing, the latter is more vital for the process of urban land development mainly because it is the measure that usually deals with the larger segment of the community or lands. Thus the study deals with this measure only.
item: Thesis-Abstract
a critical evaluation of settlement planning in Sri Lanka : a case study of Medirigiriya
(2014-03-15) Weerasinghe, NP
The study i3 concornGd with Settlement Planningt tk> Sri Lanka and has confinod its' study to agricultural settlements in the Dry Zone,where most of the development potential lies. The discussion in the study commences with an Introduction to tho study and it3 methodology. It also introduces tho study area in toros of its location and access. A historical sketch of land sottlomcnt in Sri Lanka is given in Chaptor II. Hero tho basic objectives behind the Government's original programme to settle people have boon looked into upto more recent typos of settlements. Tiiis periodical change ^nve rise to now concepts and approaches to Settlement Planning and they arc discussed in tho latter part of this sarno chaptor. In fciio next chapters III, IV and V, tho major administration and planning methodology of Kcdirigiriya sottlomont3, its existing situation, socioeconomic and environmental position are studied. Further an analysis of the agronomic practices prevailing, as well as yield, cost and return data are prosontod for the settlement scheme. Chaptor VI comprisos tho analytical portion of the study where the objectives behind the formation of l^adirigirlyn Settlements are taken up individually for evaluation as to its attainments in that field. Chaptor VII has discussed tho conclusions arising from the study and tho recommendations based there on. In tni3 connection the generalisation of the recommendations for iledirigiriyn has boon provided to givo guido linos for overall Settlement Planning in Sri Lanka.
item: Thesis-Abstract
Critical review of the standards of public open spaces for recreation in urban areas of Sri Lanka
Amarathunge, WLR; Munasinghe, JN
Public open space is a vital component of the urban environment which is under increasing pressure due to urban development. It is an essential part of the urban heritage and infrastructure. It not only provides a pleasant and natural environment but also improves the quality of life in urban areas by performing essential environmental functions. Potential economic benefits also accrue by increasing the attractiveness of a place to live and work. In 1990 Urban Development Authority formulated a standard of "1 ha of public open space per 1000people" to provide adequate amount of public open space in urban areas. This standard has been introduced mainly focusing on the urban development pattern of Colombo City. Although the prepared development plans for Colombo City had envisaged to provide sufficient amount of public open spaces, it was still not become a fruitful effort due to various reasons. It can be seen that people use the available public open spaces without seeking more spaces.Although the standard cannot reach the extent of public open space which the urban area actually needs, a direct demand for more spaces of urban people is not visible .Therefore, it appears that the lack of public open spaces has not been felt considering the life pattern of the urban dwellers. But the perception of urban people on public open spaces differs from what can be ~seen on the surface. Because of that, the objective of this study is to review the existing situation in regard to public open spaces in urban areas according to the standard. The study is mainly based on the public perception of the urban people. Although there are several studies on public open spaces relating to urban designing and urban planning aspects, there have been no studies done on urban public open space standards. Therefore this study will add new knowledge to the field of urban designing and urban planning. The evaluation of this study enables to identify the existing situation of the public open spaces in urban areas in terms of the currant standard light of public perception and it was help to review the current urban public open spaces standard of "1 ha of land per 1 000 people". The standard is reviewed through its application upon Mattakkuliya Ward of the Colombo Municipal Council area, which is the selected urban development area for the purpose.
item: Thesis-Full-text
Factors influencing the success of urban green spaces in Sri Lanka
Arunadeepa, KPW;
One major character of the 21st century from physical planning point of view is the rapid urbanization. It is in fact estimated that by the year 2030 almost half of the Sri Lankan population to be reside in areas designated as urban. In this context public green areas or urban parks have to play a major role. In Sri Lanka, the condition of parks & the contribution they make towards the city & community within which they locate is in no sense of satisfactory. The main objective of this research study is to compare and contrast the conditions, processes, of Sri Lankan parks against a practically successful framework developed by a team of experts on the field of urban greening for the purpose of managing green spaces, parks effectively. The concept is collectively referred to as PHSGCS. (Pennsylvanian horticulture society’s Green city strategy). The concept has being formulated by The national body of United States for managing public lands, The Public Land Trust, and the National horticulture society of United States along with state university of Pennsylvania. Study revealed that the guidelines set forth by PHSGCS as prerequisites for a satisfactory park to be compatible within context of Sri Lanka. As a secondary finding, it can be safely concluded that the criterion given in PHSGCS framework can be used as a set of guidelines to improve and maintain the condition of local parks.
item: Thesis-Abstract
Monitoring spatial and temporal urbanization pattern in the Jaffna peninsula using remote sensing techniques
Raveendran, S; Mahanama, PKS
This research examines the spatiotemporal pattern of urbanization in the Jaffna Peninsula using Remote Sensing and spatial analysis techniques. The spatial and temporal information on urbanization pattern in the Patna Peninsula is very essential for various planning and development related activities. There was no research undertaken on the pattern of urbanization in the Peninsula for the last few decades. This research has studied the urbanization pattern based on spatial data for the last 50 years compiled from satellite images and Aria! photograph. Medium resolution images of the study area were analyzed to map out the pattern through the techniques of Geographical Information System and Remote Sensing. Supervised classification techniques were used to analyze the images to recognize the spatial pattern of urbanization. The recognized pattern of land use changes were analyzed using the techniques of spatial metrics. A dynamic spatial pattern of urbanization has been observed in the peripheral areas towns, Jaffna, Chavakachcheri, Nelliyadi, Point Pedro and Chunakam towns and ribbon development along the main transport routes in the Peninsula. Substantial changes in the urbanized area have been prevalent around the Jaffna town which is largest town in the Peninsula. Urbanization took place at a slow growth rate in the 1960s and 1970s but has grown rapidly since the 1980s. Again in 1990s, the growth rate had declined due to the intensive war centered in the Jaffna Peninsula. There has been significant urban growth in the Peninsula during the last decade as a result of the political changes in the country. The urbanization process has developed fragmel'lted and heterogeneous land use combinations in the fringe areas of towns in the Peninsula. However, the regeneration process in the city core during the last few years has shown a decreasing trend in the peripheries. The study also shows that the urbanization trend in the Jaffna Peninsula has been causing numerous consequences economically and environmentally. Further research works deploying high resolution satellite images to survey the urbanization pattern are required in the future.
item: Thesis-Abstract
Small towns in rural development
(2014-03-16) Ellepola, MD
Sri Lanka is predominantly rural in population and land use characteristics. Further, its human settlements of the urban type are mainly of small and medium scale. In such a context the small and medium towns offer great potential not only in performing urban function but also in stimulating the development of their rural hinterland where such towns are located in predominantly rural regions. In the above circumstances the planning of small urban centres in achieving rural development has become timely and opportune in Sri Lanka. This dissertation is an effort to contribute to such planning knowledge. Its study has been carried out in seven chapters. Chapter One has described the National Perspective so as to provide the necessary background to a discussion in Chapter Two of the Urban Perspectives of lie dry zone with special reference to Anuradhapura and Pollonnaruwa Districts. Chapter Three has discussed the Theoretical Perceptions of planning and development of the rural sector. This has been followed in Chapter Four with an analysis of the Urban-Rural Relationships in the context of rural development. A Case Study of Two Small Towns comprising Kekirawa and Hingurakgoda in the Anuradhapura and Pollonnaruwa districts have been analysed in Chapter Five. The discussion in Chapter One to Five have enabled the establishment of Planning Guidelines for Small Town Development to achieve rural development comprised Chapter Six* Chapter Seven has the Conclusions and Recommendations arising from the entire study.
item: Thesis-Abstract
Some guidelines for a land taxation policy for urban develoment
(2014-03-15) Mendis, NSP
Urban development is being considered as one of the major objectives of the development plan of tho government of 3ri Lanka. However, the path to urban development has not been so smooth, but full of obstacles, especially in the content of land development. Land taxation is one of the effective tools vjhich could be used in alleviating these problems. nevertheless, thus far, land taxation has been regarded only as a source of revenue to the local authorities and to the government. It ha3 not been treated as an important component of urban development policy. This study aims at providing guideliness for an appropriate 1 land taxation policy for urban development. The structure of this study is as follows:- Chapter I gives a brief introduction of the general back ground of the study. Chapter II attempts to appraise the problems of land development with a special reference to the urban area of Colombo. Chapter III deals t&th some theorllo^ical aspects of land taxation and attempts to high light the capability of land taxation in solving land development. Chapter IV examine the present approches to tax urban land briefly and attempt to hgfc high light the inadequency of the present system in promoting urban development. Chapter V is an attempt to have a closer look at the nature of the problen and to identify the potentials and constraints for the formulation of a land taxation policy. Chapter VI deals v&th the experience of land taxation in a few countries and suggest some ways in which we can develop an appropriate approach to tackle the problem. In the light of these analysis chapter VII attempts to provide come guideliness for an appropriate land taxation policy for urban development •
item: Thesis-Abstract
State participation in investor driven housing delivery process : special attention to middle income housing in urban context
Wasantha, KJ; Munasighe, J
The rapid urbanization has resulted in unprecedented concentration of population into Western Province of the country. It evident that the suitable land and services are not sufficient for the comers is not enough at the moment. At the same time as an outcome of this population increase a large number of properties development projects are coming up. The involvement of state sector institutions. in addition to private sector developers in these projects is a new trend. Despite this trend there is a widespread argument about the success and failure of these projects. On the other hand indirect effects of these housing projects have cost time and money in most often. Housing is a sub sector in overall government policy framework. It provides the maintenance of labor productivity in broader terms. Theoretically housing is said to be a process and the House is the resultant product of this process. There are main four actors in this process. Their actions and decision determines the level of success of the outcome. The actors are State. Developers and Users. The involvement of these parties in projects differs from projects to project. It is examined that which part) can fultill the different task for the success of the housing process. The case studies taken in this research are mainly from middle income housing projects implemented in Western Province with the participation of different actors. It is revealed that the different task is more appropriate to allocate for certain party for the success of the project. Likewise the land provision can more appropriately be allocated to the State solely or in association with private sector. Since large extent of lands in western province is owned by State allocation of these lands for housing needs state participation. The private sector owing to its capacity and resources can successfully handle the design and construction component in housing project. This task has often not successful under state participation. In investor driven housing projects the uses responsibility would be to future management of the common elements in the project. his task is all importart and it needs a participatory approach. The legal background provides sut1icient strength for the users to handle this task.
item: Thesis-Abstract
A structure plan for Kandy with special emphasis on the central B.D.
(2014-03-15) Wickramasinghe, S
Urban Development in Sri Lanka is presently receiving priority under the Government Development Programme. Towards this end it has embarked upon massive programmes involving several projects that would have a major impact in the large Cities and Towns in the country. In this connection, the provincial capitals of Batticaloa and Kandy have received priority attention outside the Colombo Metropolitan region. This study is concerned with the-development of the Kandy Municipal Council area and its Central Business District. It is structured under 4 Parts and consists of eleven separate Chapters. Part I of the study has discussed the existing setting in the Kandy Municipal Council area and its Central Business District. In this connection it has outlined the historical significance of this City and also discussed the existing pattern of development activity. The Organisational and Legislative aspects have also been described in this Part. Part II of the study consists of an analysis of the dominant problems and prospects for development of the Kandy Municipal Council area. This Part consists of 3 Chapters in which these dominant problems have been identified and evaluated. The overall potential of the various development components and also the critical evaluation of the Organisational and Legislative instruments have also been done in this Part. Part III comprises the strategies for development, in this connection the criteria for an appropriate strategy for the development of Kandy City and its Central Business District have been discussed. Broad proposals for the Central Business District have also been made in this Part. Part IV of the study comprises its conclusions and recommendations. A Bibiliography of references is also included in this study.
item: Thesis-Full-text
Urban conservation approach to development planning of local area with special reference to Batticaloa Municipal Council Area
Ranatunga, MP; Munasinghe, J
An urban area is a place with a character which has developed with time. So every urbanity is a place of uniqueness which will have its own inherited properties, identity and a development potential. The conservation of such characteristics and attributes which assist to define its urban character is a specialized skill which should be acquired by development planners. Hence urban conservation in development planning of a local area has been a challenging but an important issue. Many contemporary researches are being carried out to explore conservation potentials within the parameters of prime aspects of urban development, which are economic, physical, social and environmental aspects. In Sri Lankan context, it is revealed that the urban development plans which are being prepared for the urban areas, are not concerning the potentials of urban conservation. According to the preamble of UDA law 41 of 1978, the preparation of development plans for urban areas should consider the social, physical and economic aspects. Further study on the document reveals that it has hardly any emphasis on urban conservation. Today historic towns are been threatened and physically degraded, damaged or even destroyed by the impact of unplanned urban development. This can be considered as a result of not realizing the urban conservation potentials. The historic core areas are being protected, but the immediate locality is developed with no consideration given to conservation. So the lack of consideration of urban character conservation is a serious problem in local town planning practice. Accordingly, the layering proved that Baticaloa streets show high association of water fronts. The relationship of built fabric and water body is shaping the cities character. The occurrences of historic buildings in streets are at 3% yet in such a street occurrence of multiple conservable buildings are at 86.%. The occurrence of city blocks with conservable buildings is 21%. In such a city block multiple occurrence of such streets are at 73%. Of above 67% of such streets and buildings restricted to Turtle Island. Hence the potential of conservation is high due to condensation of such urban areas. The Dutch fort which was also recognized by public as the best land mark of Baticaloa and 2nd best place to be conserved is situated in this area. But the objects such as Kalady bridge and light house are in isolation. There for individual objects also have to be recognized for conservation based local area development plan.

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