Hydraulic performance of rubble mound breakwaters

Abstract

Breakwaters are widely used to mitigate the adverse impacts of ocean wave action. Breakwater failures that occurred during late seventies and early eighties, have highlighted the need for further investigations on breakwaters in terms of their hydraulic performance. This paper presents the hydraulic performance of conventional rubble mound rock armoured breakwaters and concrete armoured rubble mound breakwaters, statically stable berm breakwaters and reshaping berm breakwaters based on the re-analysis of large scale model tests.