Departmental Conferences

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item: Conference-Full-text
3R.6R EXTENDEDWATER HIERARCHYMODEL FOR SUSTAINABLE USE OFWATER DURING CONSTRUCTION
(2016-08-22) Waidyasekara, KGAS; De Silva, L
There is a broad consensus in literature that effective utilisation of natural resources in any industry greatly influences sustainability of built environment. Hence, better management strategies of water began to emerge in all sectors; thus, different dimensions are in need to assess different industries. With this scenario, water sustainability on construction sites is one significant area, which demands the attention of construction stakeholders. Today many construction projects survive on potable water, and many strategies are available that can reduce the amount of water consumed by the construction industry. Water hierarchy is one strategy proposed for construction sites to reduce potable water consumption and encourage alternative water sources within the site. Literature and preliminary interviews further support identification of new 3R principles: Regulations, Responsibility, and Rewards that can influence on better water management on construction sites. Therefore, purpose of this paper is to examine the applicability and implementation of 3R principles in conjunction with six stages (6R) of water hierarchy to improve efficient water use on construction projects in Sri Lanka. The study adopted triangulation convergence mixed method approach, and data collection involved case studies and a structured survey. Qualitative data is presented as narratives and quotations while quantitative data is presented as descriptive statistics. The results revealed that all factors were considered as ‘applicable’ and the possibility of implementing them on construction sites. Reuse and recycle were identified as the least applicable, and are rarely practised on sites, if it is not initially identified as a mandatory process. Experience and commitment of individual staff and costs are identified as important drivers on implication of each 9R principle. New 3R principles were recognised as supportive policies to implement all six existing stages of water hierarchy. Finally, the paper discusses the extended water hierarchy model developed for construction industry.
item: Conference-Full-text
Ability of BIM to satisfy CAFM information requirements
(2015-04-08) Gnanarednam, M; Jayasena, HS
Facilities Management (FM) and Building Information Modelling (BIM) are contemporary day concepts that have modernised the way built environment behave. In modern day, FM concepts are moving towards to sustainable FM (SFM). Incidentally, Facilities Managers (FMs) become responsible for assuring the sustainability of facilities of the business. Modern day buildings are increasingly sophisticated and the need for information to operate and maintain them in sustainable manner is vital. Currently FMs rely on the information of the facility retrieved from conventional Computer Aided FM (CAFM). However, FM professionals face challenges from existing information inefficiencies resulting in unnecessary costs, productivity, efficiency and effectiveness losses where these leads to failure of SFM. Considering its favourable features, BIM had been identified as promising solution to effectively reach SFM goals. BIM conceptually has been developed to overcome the inefficiencies in conventional building information systems and recording methods. Combined data would enable the art of making any building more intelligent and sustainable. Significant efforts were found which had focused on getting the benefit of BIM for FM. However, there was no certain answer to “how far could BIM satisfy the information needs of CAFM?’’ This paper proposes a methodology to theoretically answer this question, which had been proposed for the next step of the study being conducted in Sri Lanka.
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An Analysis of construction law and disaster management law relating to sustainable development in Sri Lanka
Abeynayake, MDTE
Construction Law may be defined as the law that regulates built environment in relation to construction activities. This law also deals with physical planning techniques and protection of natural environment. Law governing in built environment in Sri Lanka is largely based on legislation. Main physical planning legislations in Sri Lanka are Urban Development Authority (UDA) Law No. 41 of 1978, Town and Country Planning Ordinance No. 16 of 1946, Municipal Council Ordinance and Urban Council Ordinance of 1947, Pradeshiya Sabhas Act of 1987, and their amendments. Provisions of these legislation are controlling construction activities in their regions. National Environment Act of 1980 controls EIA and EPL relating to the construction industry. The Sri Lanka Parliament enacted two legislations after the tsunami namely Tsunami (Special Provisions) Act No. 16 of 2005 and Disaster Management Act No. 13 of 2005 for the rehabilitation activities. These two Acts have mentioned planning and recovery techniques and elements of disaster management law. In the post tsunami reconstruction work, the government has given high priority to rebuild human settlements. However there are some discrepancies in these legislation and are not accepted in sustainability concepts. Hence, the aim of this research is to compare existing Construction Law and Disaster Management Law relating to the construction industry in Sri Lanka and recommend improvements to the Construction Law practices in order to make sustainability concepts more effective. Through a literature review of recent court cases, this research has analysed the basic concepts and discrepancies of the above mentioned law in Sri Lanka.
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The Appreciation of the sense of space through the acoustic landscape of urban parks : case study of urban parks Colombo
Waduthanthri, YH; Amendra, S
The main goal of this study is to analyze the human sense of space of an urban park through the acoustic landscape of it. The research will be done in sample four sites in and around Colombo Sri Lanka; viharamahadevi park, diyathauyana , independence square premises and the study was done maintaining the equality of the case studies by observing in the same time during congregative Sundays . And the acoustic landscape will be appreciated through several methods of study. the analyze will based on the acoustic characterization of the park’s interior noise levels of selected functioning and isolates spaces , and by two separate socio- acoustic surveys to the visitors and selected sample of people to check there perception on acoustic quality , of the above mentioned urban parks . The measurement of acoustic characterization is done by recording the sounds and plotting in to graphs where decibels and frequency compared. And a social survey is done by giving a questioner to the random users of the parks .so that the data will be analyses on charts and graphs. The second phase of the study is done by giving the above recorded sounds to the selected group of people and through a questioner the idea on the sounds will be collected and graphed. The study and the summery prove that the urban parks in Sri Lanka contain lots of unwanted, unpleasant and unexpected sounds that the people does not expect or prefer other than the human favorable and natural acoustic sounds.So that the noises affect the concentration and disturbed the perception.
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Arbitration as an mechanism for dispute resolution in construction industry of Sri Lanka
Amarasooriya, B; Abeynayake, MDTE
Dispute resolution systems change with the interaction. There is a necessity of reviewing and improving of the arbitration practice periodically in order to minimize the cost and complexity of the process. This research is a comprehensive quantitative and qualitative study to assess significance factors and effectiveness of arbitration in Construction industry of Sri Lanka. Many parties to construction contracts have no more interest to go for arbitration. Therefore professionals should take collective measures to increase the effectiveness of arbitration. Literature review for research was done together with the preliminary survey. Further questionnaire survey among 36 professionals and semi structured interviews with 5 arbitrators were used for the data collection. The findings of this study indicate that the professionals involved in the construction industry have low level of satisfaction on the current practice of arbitration; however, they believe that arbitration is an effective mechanism for dispute resolution and should survive as an ADR (Alternative Dispute Resolution) method in the construction industry. The results of this study enable researchers to gain a deep understanding on the current arbitration practice and recognize significance of each advantages, drawbacks and suggestions for the development of arbitration in the construction industry of Sri Lanka. This research is limited to the arbitration practice in the construction industry of Sri Lanka and the sample for the data collection was selected only from leading clients, contractors and consultant organizations.
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Assessing the BIM maturity in a BIM infant industry
(2015-04-01) Jayasena, HS; Weddikkara, C
Building Information Modelling (BIM) is rapidly gaining acceptance of building industries internationally, and is likely to become the primary industry standard for AEC information exchange in near future. The built-in intelligence of BIM offers the highest potentials for adopting lean approaches for project delivery, and minimizing of risks and uncertainties; enabling highly sustainable procurement systems for the building industry. While it is accepted that BIM is in its infant stage in Sri Lanka and BIM technologies are rarely present, adoption of BIM has been identified to be timely. Use of inappropriate BIM adoption strategies would waste valuable resources and time. This will also hinder the industry acceptance of BIM. Development of reliable strategies requires information on current BIM maturity in order to identify the gaps. Wider gaps in a BIM infant industry give rise to the number of potential alternative BIM adoption strategies. Thus, a coherent assessment of current context is crucial to chose most suitable strategies. BewRichards BIM Maturity Model and Succar’s BIM Maturity Stages were the widely referred models used to ascertain the BIM maturity of an industry or an organization. However, these were found to be less useful to assess a BIM infant industry. The study proposes framework comprising four components, viz. collaborative processes, enhanced skill, integrated information and automated systems, and knowledge management.
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Bangkok street food phenomenon
Maglumtong, M
In 2016, Bangkok was voted as the world’s best destination for street food for 2 consecutive years according to CNN. It shows that street food is very popular among both local and international tourist, a s i t i s d elicious, easy access, and cheap. Its contributions to urban life go beyond their own informal employment, as it generates demand and supply for a wide range of services provided by other informal and formal workers: (1) as fast food providers, for low to middle-income workers, (2) as an economic activity, which generates income for urban poor, and (3) as a social connector for the variety of its consumers.Accordingly, This research aims to study on the phenomenon of Bangkok street food by examining the history and relationship between street fooddistribution, location, and other urban activities.Din Daeng, NongKhaem, Rat Burana, and Samphanthawong are four cases that were chosen for analysis in terms of ‘self-made’ public space and spatial identity. With this study, the well-planned and managed street food can be part of the city, which captures and responds to Bangkok’s urban contexts.And it will help to find solutions for s treet food t o be included in policy terms as economic assets to cities, while endure in the city within the contemporary urban context.
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Benefits of adopting green concept for construction of building in Sri Lanka
(2016-07-25) Waidyasekara, KGAS; Fernando, WNJK
While moving towards the sustainable development, the concept of green building has become the forefront in the construction industry globally. Simply, green buildings increase the efficiency of resources while sustaining natural resources for the future generation and reduce impact on human and environment. With the global interest, nowadays construction of green buildings has become a new trend in Sri Lanka as well. Many studies identified that there is a significant initial investment perceived in the green construction than conventional buildings. However, it is important for a developing country like Sri Lanka to identify the real benefits and challenges when adopting green concept in construction of buildings. Thus, the research aimed at investigating the benefits associated with green buildings for a country like Sri Lanka and analyzed each benefit in terms of achievable time duration. The questionnaire survey was used as a main data collection method and statistic technique, relative importance index was used to analyze the data. Findings obtained from Thirty-four key professionals were used to derive the conclusions. The results indicated that the construction of a green building provides many environmental, economic and social benefits to the owners and users of the built-environment. Furthermore, the paper discussed the level of importance of individual factors under main three categories. In addition, it is evident that most of benefits are achievable in long-run where approximately it takes more than two years to achieve after construction of a green building.
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Building energy consumption factors : a literature review and future research agenda
(2016-09-21) De Silva, MNK; Sandanayake, YG
The Sri Lankan energy supply system faces several major strategic challenges due to high annual electricity demand growth rate and hence it is required to double the electricity generation capacity in every ten years. Ministry of Power and Energy predicted regular power cuts in the foreseeable future due to lack of rainfall within the hydro-catchments areas. In the coming years, oil price hikes will have a great impact on the operation of thermal power plants. Sri Lanka has now become the highest electricity bill spender in Asia and the status of energy poverty seems rather alarming. Sri Lankan energy statistics confirm that the building sector has contributed heavily on the energy, exceeding the industrial and transportation sectors. Occupant behaviour toward energy consumption have a significant impact on energy poverty and the initiation of large scale development projects after the three decades conflict pave the way to energy poverty to step up. In order to alleviate energy poverty, it is important to investigate the factors influencing the building energy consumption and their impact on power crisis. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to critically review the factors affecting building energy consumption. A comprehensive literature review and a desk study of Sri Lankan energy reports were used out to investigate the power crisis in Sri Lanka and the factors influencing building energy consumption. Five factors and 36 sub factors identified from the literature review will be used to identify critical factors affecting building energy consumption during the next phase of the study.
item: Conference-Abstract
Comparative analysis between urban kitchen market and super-shops - focus on proper return on investment (ROI) in sense of spatial utilization in the context Dhaka, Bangladesh
Tabassum, N; Parvez, PA
Kitchen market that means traditional retail market has always been an integral component of everyday lifestyle for the people of Dhaka city, Bangladesh. Its importance is profusely intensified in urban areas. In topmost cases, the supplies of these markets are not manufactured in the urban areas. So the kitchen market performs as a connecting platform of several functions. In a broader sense, it remains directly connected to the overall annual economic growth of a nation. Through ages, the necessity of the kitchen market is perpetual whereas its envelope characteristics i.e. shape, size, pattern, spatial organization is changing. Experiencing several metamorphic phases, presently it is config.d in the form of super-shops. Along with the present trend of modern lifestyle, the number of super-shops is on the rise. At present the urban population is densifying. Simultaneously the number of super-shops is swallowing to meet the demand. But land is a precious limited resource in any urban area. Now the question arises whether the portion of land or space used by a community for super-shops functions or kitchen markets is meeting the proper return on investment (ROI). We need to know that which financial category of population is served by the existing traditional kitchen markets and the super-shops. The main objective of the research aims at finding out the spatial utilization of a traditional kitchen market and modern super-shops. Furthermore a comparative overview between these two would be presented. The end result o f t his research m ay lead u s t o k now w hether which one between these two types gives the more ROI and may prevail in the future. A quantitative research method of data analysis is used for the research.
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Comparative effectiveness of quantity surveying in a building information modelling implementation
(2015-04-08) Kulasekara, G; Jayasena, HS; Ranadewa, KATO
Over the past eras, growths of innovative technological concepts are promptly increasing, in order to achieve competitive productivity and performance. Building industry identifies technology as vital. Although the building industry is broadly identified as unique and conservative, at the same time construction industry has to have varied according to these innovative technological variations. In addition to that these technological variations may have potential to influence everyone’s professions in different ways. Although, the concept of Building Information Modelling (BIM) is not practiced in Sri Lankan construction industry yet, it is likely to become the project delivery standard in future. Introduce with the vision “sustainability by building smarter”, BIM will improve the performance of building professionals. The current knowledge does not adequately explain how the functions of a Quantity Surveyor are affected by BIM. This paper presents a study on comparative effectiveness offered by BIM for the traditional functions of a Quantity Surveyor. The study is interesting because the new knowledge will help to develop strategies for professional development and update the education curricula to train the Quantity Surveyors to face future challenges.
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Competition for urban space : analysis of spatial aspect of street vending in Pune city
Panse, I; Raval, P
Streets are a stage for social interaction, commerce and act as determinant for character of the city. Among these activities, street vending is a dominant activity in Indian cities. The total number of street vendors in India. is estimated at around 10 million, street vendors constitute approximately 2 per cent of the population of a metropolis in India as per WEIGO report. However, Street vendors are a part of de-regulated system. The study address this context with respect to Pune city, a growing metro in India. Pune city was also the first city to take policy directives for management of street vendors, in India. The objective of the study is to distinguish and establish types of street vending in the context of Pune City. The study tries to estimate space utilized by different types of street vending. It analyses the patterns of distribution of types of street vending and their characteristics. This, unravels the locational aspects of street vending which proves to be essential for successful policy making. Through questionnaires, the perception of other road users towards the activity of street vending is evaluated. The study uses quantitative and qualitative data. These include field notes, uestionnaire survey of road users, field mapping and videography. Descriptive statistics such as means and frequencies were used to present the findings. The analysis of the data is based on percentages and simple cross tabulations, presenting empirical evidence to explore the spatial relations (location specific details) as against the types of street vendors. The overall research theme is analyzing the impact of Informal Street Activities on Urban Functions and Planning aspects. This research paper is based on initial studies and is a part of doctoral research.
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Contribution of building management system towards sustainable built environment
(2015-04-08) Kumara, WHCD; Waidyasekara, KGAS
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Developing a maintenance strategy plan to improve energy efficiency of HVAC system
(2015-04-08) Fernando, SS; De Silva, END; Dahanayake, KWDKC;
In managing energy in buildings, a greater focus has been given to the HVAC system as it generally consumes more than 50% of total energy usage in buildings. Proper maintenance had been identified as a significant factor to improve energy efficiency of HVAC systems. For instance a proper maintenance plan can save 5% - 20% of energy bills without a significant capital investment. Thus, the research aims to develop a maintenance strategic plan to improve energy efficiency of HVAC systems. Survey technique was adapted to collect data on HVAC system failures, impact of failures, frequency of each failure, significance of causes for failures and HVAC Maintenance requirements to ensure efficiency. A statistical analysis was carried out to develop a maintenance strategy plan. Maintenance strategic plan is proposed by using the preventive and predictive maintenance strategy. This proposed plan may be useful for building managers to manage energy by adopting efficient maintenance strategies.
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District cooling potential for mega developments in Sri Lanka
Diminige, N; Attalage, RA
This paper presents the study related to existing buildings from a perspective of a district cooling system and its feasibility forthe projected mega developments in the country. This study is focused to show the District Cooling System (DCS) conversion suitability for a cluster of existing buildingsin the city of Colombo.Nine large scale buildings in Colombo having central air conditioning systems and having different cooling load patterns are selected for the study. The estimated cooling demand profile shows that the maximum cooling demand of the system is around 6,000 TR. Five suitable chiller options are considered for the cooling production based on the total capacity of the district cooling system and profile of the overall cooling demand.The maximum and minimum electrical energy savings that can be achieved by switching to the DCS from the existing individual systems are 6.42 and 5.67 million kWh per year. This energy savings is expected to result in a reduction in coal usage (assuming 60% of electricity generating by coal and oil, and rest by hydro) by about 1420 and 1240 tons per year respectively and reduction in CO2 emission of about 4,990 and 4,365 tons per year respectively.Discounted Cash Flow Analysis indicates that the best option has a NPV of LKR 396 million, IRR of 13.5% and benefit to cost ratio of 1.35. The sensitivity analysis of the best option reveals that even with the worst combined effect of the various parameters, the DCS is viable as it has a NPV of LKR 87 million, IRR of 11.8% and benefit to cost ratio of 1.07. Consequently, DCS is viable to implement in Colombo under the conditions and assumptions employed. It could be concluded that DCS could be a viable option for the forthcoming Colombo Port City Project and MegapolisDevelopment Projects since they can be implemented smoothly by planning the piping distribution network into the master plans of the projects.
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Effect of construction project team on its leadership: case studies in Sri Lanka
Samaraweera, A; Senaratne, S
Construction industry adopts different project team settings within its product deliver process with the construction project manager as the leader of such a project team. These construction project teams possess unique features which can have differing effects on the leadership of the construction project manager where studies redominantly focusing on that area are rare particularly within Sri Lankan context. Therefore, this study explored the effect of construction project team on the leadership of theconstruction project manager. The aforesaid research problem was approached through a multiple case study including three construction projects. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the respective project managers and with other three distinct team members. The findings highlighted that the effect on the leadership from construction project team can be identified with relation to the unique features of a construction project team discussed under team purpose, team composition and method of working. Effect of the purpose of the team is mainly due to the client's influential nature while the effect of the team composition is governed by the reason that team consists of professionals and the different team settings described as 'single-organisational teams' and 'multiple organisational teams '. Further, the effect of method of working on the leadership could be identified mainly as; contractual nature of relationship between team members, inter-dependent nature of works and appointment of members at different stages.
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Effective fire safety planning for industrial buildings : a literature review
(2015-04-09) Athapaththu, AMSU; Fernando, NG; Dissanayake, DMPP; ; ; Industrial Buildings; Planning
The lives and health of human beings, the growth and prosperity of organisation, and the increasing need for fire safety are immediate concerns which provide the original momentum for the business continuity of the organisation. Fire safety consideration shouldform an important part of any new product or technology development to promote sustainable development, and acceptable solutions to acute fire safety concerns must not pose a threat to the long term development. Simply, the fire safety and sustainable development has common interest in making that fire safety is achieved in the most sustainable way. However, the direct property damage to the buildings due to ineffective fire safety planning is increasing with the development of industrialisation and urbanisation. This paper therefore aimed to develop a conceptual model for effective fire safety planning for industrial buildings. A comprehensive literature review was used as the research methodology for this paper. Keywords search for fire accidents causes for fire accidents, fire safety planning and industrial buildings were used to search the literature. The literature findings highlighted that many buildings such as factories do not arrange regular drill; therefore the workers discover themselves in an alien situation whenever an emergency situation arises, causing panic, stampede etc. which further escalate the degree of casualty. Further, accidents are caused mainly due to technical failures and human failures where human failures include lack of awareness of the safety precautions required, inadequate expert knowledge and qualifications in accident prevention. Failure to effective planning for fire safety in buildings can hinder the recovery process, whereas recognition of its importance leads to more efficient use of resources in the wake of emergencies
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Evaluating contractor pre-qualification process in Sri Lankan construction industry
(2016-07-22) Waidyasekara, KGAS; Rajapakshe, J
Successful completion of a project heavily depends on the selection of a suitable contractor. The most important and the initial step of the contractor selection process is contractor pre-qualification. Prequalification process is basically used to screen out capable contractors who have potential to carry out a particular project at satisfactory level in terms of cost, quality and time in the competitive market. The aim of the research is to evaluate and optimize the existing pre-qualification process in Sri Lankan construction industry. General pre-qualification criteria and pre-qualification models including computer based models that apply in local and international industry are identified and characteristics of each evaluation method discussed through comprehensive literature survey. The questionnaire survey was carried out among the construction professionals who exposed the positive and negative aspects of currently implemented pre-qualification evaluation methods use in Sri Lankan construction industry. Application of computer based evaluation methods and use of some general pre-qualification criteria are absent in the existing practice. However, the opportunity to implement computer based evaluation models to the construction industry is more possible with the technology available in Sri Lanka. Furthermore, the paper draws attention on minimizing construction disputes through proper evaluation and recommendations to optimize the pre-qualification process are also addressed in the paper.
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Evaluation of guest requirements on hotel building facilities in Sri Lanka
(2016-09-21) Premarathne, W; Sandanayake, YG; Konara, KMGK
Tourism is one of the major economic areas in the Sri Lankan Policy Framework, with a vision to make Sri Lanka the foremost leisure destination in the South Asian Region. After ending the 30 years of ethnic war, the tourism industry has gained an immense level of significance as a potential mode of investment and attracting foreign currency to the economy. Sri Lanka recently has achieved the ambitious post war target of 600,000 tourist arrivals showing a 73 percent growth with compared to the previous year. Sri Lankan government therefore focuses on fast emerging tourism sector with the central focus of providing low cost holidays with high quality hotel accommodation. The government is committed to develop tourist sector with targeted room capacity of 30,000 by 2015. In order to achieve aforementioned targets, it is essential to identify and evaluate guest requirements and their preferences. The main aim of this study is therefore to identify and evaluate guest requirements in Sri Lankan structured questionnaire hotel sector. Literature review and preliminary survey were used to identify guest requirements. Structured questionnaire survey was used to collect data and Analytic Hierarchy Process tool was applied to analyse and prioritise guest requirements. According to the survey findings, 'location' is the most important guest requirement followed by 'room facilities', 'entertainment and recreational facilities' and 'appearance '. Survey further identified, 'Value added facilities' and 'building services and supplementary facilities' as least important guest requirements in jive-star hotels in Sri Lanka. The aforementioned jindings of this study can be used to improve the hotel building facilities in order to achieve guest satisfaction.
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Evaluation of stakeholder satisfaction in Tsunami damaged school reconstruction projects in Sri Lanka
(2016-09-20) Sandanayake, YG; Dissanayake, DMSC
Sri Lanka is one of the worst affected countries by 2004 Tsunami, which destroyed two third, of the Island's coastline. This necessitated massive reconstruction drive for recovery in all sectors including housing, healthcare, educational and infrastructure. Achieving stakeholder satisfaction is the key for the success of any project and disaster reconstruction projects are of no exception in this regard. The reconstruction of schools has been virtually completed but it is not yet known whether the stakeholders' interests have been properly addressed. This study therefore aimed at evaluating the stakeholder satisfaction in tsunami damaged school reconstruction projects in Sri Lanka. A literature survey has been carried out on the Tsunami phenomenon, historical facts of disasters in Sri Lanka and damage due to 2004 Tsunami. Data gathered from preliminary interviews and literature survey was used to establish factors of stakeholder satisfaction in questionnaire survey. Data collected using the questionnaire survey was then analyzed using Box Plot analysis. The research reveals that the stakeholders of all categories are satisfied with most of the factors especially with the physical reconstruction aspects such as standard of school buildings, adequacy of classroom and infrastructure facilities, adequacy of disaster preparedness measures and child friendly zoning of buildings. But measures such as disaster early warning systems, practice of warning drills and persistent attention on trauma counseling for affected victims were found to be wanting.

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