Research Publications

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169 Invisible Architecture; Integrating Subterranean Brussels in Active Neighbourhood Revitalization
(2015-10-02) Dissanayake, A
Brussels is a city with immense potentials and opportunities. Being at the heart of Europe, it is coherently connected with rest of the world both physically and figuratively. However, these opportunities and connections constantly attract people from around the world; giving way to a heterogenic society of diverse ethnicities and cultures. This heterogenic society creates a strong tension in some quarters of Brussels – especially when there is a prominent arrival magnet as with the case of neighbourhood Fountains with Brussels south railway station in close proximity. As with any infrastructure project, the proposed metro and tram station of Lemonier, is a potential for not only the neighbourhood of Fountains but also for entire metropolis of Brussels. The proposed MetCom program incorporating the Brussels underground gives these commonly mono-functional mobility infrastructure projects a new meaning; transforming them into effective urban public spaces. Introduction of this proposed novel logistic system for urban freight transportation allows new possibilities for the use of existing unused space within the metro stations as well as in the adjoining gray buildings. The project not only helps revitalize the neighbourhood by introducing a new economy but also encourages better interaction of the heterogenic society by providing a place for activity. The project however does not create an architectural object; on the contrary, it creates an invisible architecture
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3R.6R extended water hierarchy model for sustainable use of water during construction
(Ceylon Institute of Builders, 2016-07) Waidyasekara, KGAS; De Silva, L; Rameezdeen, R; Sandanayake, YG; Karunasena, GI; Ramachandra, T
There is a broad consensus in literature that effective utilisation of natural resources in any industry greatly influences sustainability of built environment. Hence, better management strategies of water began to emerge in all sectors; thus, different dimensions are in need to assess different industries. With this scenario, water sustainability on construction sites is one significant area, which demands the attention of construction stakeholders. Today many construction projects survive on potable water, and many strategies are available that can reduce the amount of water consumed by the construction industry. Water hierarchy is one strategy proposed for construction sites to reduce potable water consumption and encourage alternative water sources within the site. Literature and preliminary interviews further support identification of new 3R principles: Regulations, Responsibility, and Rewards that can influence on better water management on construction sites. Therefore, purpose of this paper is to examine the applicability and implementation of 3R principles in conjunction with six stages (6R) of water hierarchy to improve efficient water use on construction projects in Sri Lanka. The study adopted triangulation convergence mixed method approach, and data collection involved case studies and a structured survey. Qualitative data is presented as narratives and quotations while quantitative data is presented as descriptive statistics. The results revealed that all factors were considered as ‘applicable’ and the possibility of implementing them on construction sites. Reuse and recycle were identified as the least applicable, and are rarely practised on sites, if it is not initially identified as a mandatory process. Experience and commitment of individual staff and costs are identified as important drivers on implication of each 9R principle. New 3R principles were recognised as supportive policies to implement all six existing stages of water hierarchy. Finally, the paper discusses the extended water hierarchy model developed for construction industry.
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3R.6R EXTENDEDWATER HIERARCHYMODEL FOR SUSTAINABLE USE OFWATER DURING CONSTRUCTION
(2016-08-22) Waidyasekara, KGAS; De Silva, L
There is a broad consensus in literature that effective utilisation of natural resources in any industry greatly influences sustainability of built environment. Hence, better management strategies of water began to emerge in all sectors; thus, different dimensions are in need to assess different industries. With this scenario, water sustainability on construction sites is one significant area, which demands the attention of construction stakeholders. Today many construction projects survive on potable water, and many strategies are available that can reduce the amount of water consumed by the construction industry. Water hierarchy is one strategy proposed for construction sites to reduce potable water consumption and encourage alternative water sources within the site. Literature and preliminary interviews further support identification of new 3R principles: Regulations, Responsibility, and Rewards that can influence on better water management on construction sites. Therefore, purpose of this paper is to examine the applicability and implementation of 3R principles in conjunction with six stages (6R) of water hierarchy to improve efficient water use on construction projects in Sri Lanka. The study adopted triangulation convergence mixed method approach, and data collection involved case studies and a structured survey. Qualitative data is presented as narratives and quotations while quantitative data is presented as descriptive statistics. The results revealed that all factors were considered as ‘applicable’ and the possibility of implementing them on construction sites. Reuse and recycle were identified as the least applicable, and are rarely practised on sites, if it is not initially identified as a mandatory process. Experience and commitment of individual staff and costs are identified as important drivers on implication of each 9R principle. New 3R principles were recognised as supportive policies to implement all six existing stages of water hierarchy. Finally, the paper discusses the extended water hierarchy model developed for construction industry.
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5S principles for sustainable resource and waste management in Sri Lankan construction projects
(Department of Building Economics, 2024) Wijesinghe, EDAT; Jayawickrama, TS; Tennakoon, GA; Wijewickrama, MKCS; Sandanayake, YG; Waidyasekara, KGAS; Ranadewa, KATO; Chandanie, H
The significant resource consumption and waste generation in the construction sector highlights the imperative for sustainable management of resources and waste, particularly in Sri Lanka. Over time, various techniques have emerged as potential solutions to address this challenge, with the 5S technique standing out as a widely discussed approach. This technique is focused on producing high-quality outputs with minimal wastage and high productivity, making it well-suited for sustainable resource and waste management. However, despite its potential, there is limited research exploring its application in this context within the construction domain, specifically in Sri Lanka. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the applicability of 5S principles for sustainable resource and waste management in Sri Lankan construction projects. Initially, a comprehensive literature review was conducted on the 5S principles and the concept of sustainable resource and waste management, which led to the development of a conceptual framework for the application of 5S principles for sustainable resource and waste management. Following this, a pilot study using interviews was conducted to investigate the specific activities that could be implemented under the individual 5S principles for sustainable resource and waste management. Integrating these activities within construction projects could help mitigate the negative environmental impacts associated with resource consumption and waste generation in the industry.
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5th International Urban Design Conference on Cities, People and Places ICCPP- 2017 - Pre Text
(Department of Architecture, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, 2017-10-20) Wijesundara, J; Dayaratne, R
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6th International Urban Design Conference on Cities, People and Places ICCPP- 2018 (Pre Text)
(Department of Architecture, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, 2018-10-05) Wijesundara, J; Dayaratne, R
6th International Urban Design Conference on Cities, People and Places ICCPP- 2018 Theme: Socializing Cities: Creating People-centered Streets and Places
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7th International Urban Design Conference on Cities, People and Places (Per Text)
(Department of Architecture, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, 2019-11-14) Dayaratne, R
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8th International Urban Design Conference on Cities, People and Places ICCPP- 2020 (Pre Text)
(Department of Architecture, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, 2020-12-15) Dayaratne, R
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9th International Urban Design Conference on Cities, People and Places ICCPP- 2023 (Pre Text)
(Centre for Cities & Department of Architecture, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, 2023-04) Dayaratne, R; Wijesundara, J
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Ability of bim to satisfy cafm information requirements
(Ceylon Institute of Builders - Sri Lanka, 2013-06) Gnanarednam, M; Jayasena, HS; Sandayake, YG; Fernando, NG
Facilities Management (FM) and Building Information Modelling (BIM) are contemporary day concepts that have modernised the way built environment behave. In modern day, FM concepts are moving towards to sustainable FM (SFM). Incidentally, Facilities Managers (FMs) become responsible for assuring the sustainability of facilities of the business. Modern day buildings are increasingly sophisticated and the need for information to operate and maintain them in sustainable manner is vital. Currently FMs rely on the information of the facility retrieved from conventional Computer Aided FM (CAFM). However, FM professionals face challenges from existing information inefficiencies resulting in unnecessary costs, productivity, efficiency and effectiveness losses where these leads to failure of SFM. Considering its favourable features, BIM had been identified as promising solution to effectively reach SFM goals. BIM conceptually has been developed to overcome the inefficiencies in conventional building information systems and recording methods. Combined data would enable the art of making any building more intelligent and sustainable. Significant efforts were found which had focused on getting the benefit of BIM for FM. However, there was no certain answer to “how far could BIM satisfy the information needs of CAFM?'' This paper proposes a methodology to theoretically answer this question, which had been proposed for the next step of the study being conducted in Sri Lanka
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Ability of BIM to satisfy CAFM information requirements
(2015-04-08) Gnanarednam, M; Jayasena, HS
Facilities Management (FM) and Building Information Modelling (BIM) are contemporary day concepts that have modernised the way built environment behave. In modern day, FM concepts are moving towards to sustainable FM (SFM). Incidentally, Facilities Managers (FMs) become responsible for assuring the sustainability of facilities of the business. Modern day buildings are increasingly sophisticated and the need for information to operate and maintain them in sustainable manner is vital. Currently FMs rely on the information of the facility retrieved from conventional Computer Aided FM (CAFM). However, FM professionals face challenges from existing information inefficiencies resulting in unnecessary costs, productivity, efficiency and effectiveness losses where these leads to failure of SFM. Considering its favourable features, BIM had been identified as promising solution to effectively reach SFM goals. BIM conceptually has been developed to overcome the inefficiencies in conventional building information systems and recording methods. Combined data would enable the art of making any building more intelligent and sustainable. Significant efforts were found which had focused on getting the benefit of BIM for FM. However, there was no certain answer to “how far could BIM satisfy the information needs of CAFM?’’ This paper proposes a methodology to theoretically answer this question, which had been proposed for the next step of the study being conducted in Sri Lanka.
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Accessibility of emergency evacuation for differentlyabled people in public hospital buildings in Sri Lanka: the national policy enhancements
(Ceylon Institute of Builders, 2018-06) Manoj, S; Mallawaarachchi, H; Soorige, SDA; Jayasena, N; Sandanayake, YG; Gunatilake, S; Waidyasekara, KGAS
It is very difficult task in nature and a prevailing issue in the world today to provide a reasonable access for differently abled people within any building. Specially, giving fair and impartial accessibility has become very complex and an ongoing global issue. However, various policies and guidelines have been developed in countries enabling buildings to be used by the differently abled people by building them in terms of ease of access for emergency evacuation. Among the other buildings, healthcare facility has obtained the first concern when considering its’ heavy use by differently abled people. Thus, this research was conducted with the purpose of studying on the accessibility procedures of emergency evacuation for the differently abled people in public buildings with special emphasis to public hospitals since the current evacuation means in healthcare sector are not adequately developed based on the needs of differently abled people. The research was conducted using case study method under qualitative phenomenon. Semi-structured interviews were conducted among building professionals who had more than five years of experience in the field of accessibility to collect the data. Hence, three public hospital buildings in Sri Lanka were selected. Accessibility procedures of emergency evacuation and issues in existing practice were investigated related to safety and security, access to built environment and access to communication in line with the National Policy on Disability for Sri Lanka. Case study data revealed that not having predetermined procedure for evacuating differently abled people and less awareness on existing safety and security procedures thus need special attention. Accordingly, a framework was developed to propose the probable enhancements for the national policy. The enhanced policy can be used as a national strategy to assure the ease of accessibility of emergency evacuation for differently abled people in public hospital buildings in Sri Lanka.
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Accuracy of traditional contingency estimation in the construction industry
(2021-07) Jeyananthan, N; Shandraseharan, A; Kulatunga, U
Contingency amounts are allocated in the construction projects to deal with uncertainties arising during the projects. Contingency amounts are usually estimated traditionally by simply adding a percentage of the estimated contract amount. However, the traditional system of contingency estimation is heavily criticised as ineffective due to several reasons. Therefore, this research focuses on evaluating the level of accuracy of current contingency estimation techniques in the Sri Lankan context. This study adopted a mixed-method research approach. Empirical data were collected using expert interviews and questionnaire survey. Data collected from the expert interviews were analysed using manual content analysis. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used to analyse the questionnaire survey data. Findings revealed that inexpensiveness is the highly motivating factor for the rigid usage of the traditional method to estimate contingency in the Sri Lankan context. Estimated contract amount, procurement method, payment method, and type of client were identified as highly influencing factors in contingency estimation. Finally, the hypothesis test of this study revealed that the traditional contingency estimation is ineffective. Since the traditional contingency estimation proved ineffective and highly inaccurate, experts in the industry should consider a flexible alternative approach in contingency estimation to improve the accuracy of the contingency amount.
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Activating city through kinetic spaces: a case of Aluva Manappuram
(Department of Architecture, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, 2019-11-14) Abraham, JT; Jinoj, M; Dayaratne, R
Incredible urban communities over the world have truly been characterized by the nature of their open spaces more than the design magnificence of individual buildings. The activities taking place in such spaces influence the character of the city. One such activity which highlights that the place is not static is Festival events. It is a city in constant motion, where the very physical fabric is characterized by the kinetic. Such non-static cities encourage urban transformations over economy, politics and culture over the static city. Aluva, a town in Kerala, India, derives its unique identity from once-in-a-year activity of ‘Shivarathri’ festival which specifically happens at the ‘Manappuram’ (sandbanks) of Periyar River. However, this space is left underutilized for the rest of the year leading to several undesirable activities resulting in safety concerns, crimes, waste dumping etc. This paper evaluates how the festival affects the town and neighborhood and how the non-static nature of space, during the rest of the year, can be harnessed for its benefit, thus making it into an asset for the town. Participant observation during the festival and over the course of the year is carried out to analyze the spatial quality. Accessibility, safety, nature of enclosure in relation to kinetic spaces are analyzed in this paper. The study concludes on how the kinetic spaces can be designed and managed as an asset for the cities.
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Adaptability of green BIM technology for the green buildings in Sri Lanka
(Ceylon Institute of Builders, 2017-06) Rathnasiri, HWTP; Jayasena, HS; Madusanka, N; Sandanayake, YG; Ramachandra, T; Gunatilake, S
To raise awareness of green building constructions, Building Information Modelling (BIM) has been incorporated with unique sustainable strategies. Green BIM technology is a significant innovation of BIM, emerged through the integration of BIM with sustainable strategies, which enhance the sustainable growth of buildings while making better opportunities to improve the performance of green buildings. However, the utilisation of Green BIM technology for existing buildings is less amongst green building practitioners though Green BIM is widely used for design and construction phases of buildings. In the Sri Lankan context, since BIM is not implemented yet in building construction, operation and maintenance, the inherent capabilities of Green BIM technology are hidden and invisible. Thus, an effort is needed to convince and prove the importance of Green BIM technology for green building practitioners. Towards this effort, the research is aimed at identifying the potential of implementing Green BIM technology for the existing green buildings in Sri Lanka where BIM is not applied. Accordingly, a mixed research approach was followed to accomplish the research aim. Literature review revealed that, the data availability required for Green BIM techniques and tools is the critical requirement to implement the Green BIM technology for the established buildings. A desk study was conducted to determine the required data and availability of the data was analysed through a questionnaire survey and a case study. The findings of questionnaire survey demonstrated that, there is an acceptable level of data within the current established green buildings. The results of the case study highlighted the potential of Green BIM implementation for the existing green buildings. Thus, the study concluded by identifying the ability of incorporating Green BIM technology for the existing green buildings considering the real-life context which ensure the Green BIM implementation for the green building sector in Sri Lanka.
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Adaptability of integrated project delivery in a construction industry
Jayasena, HS; Senevirathna, NS
Within the traditional procurement system, level of achievement of client and contractor objectives may vary depending on the type of procurement used This may further create a gap between the expected and actual performance of the project. Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) is the modern development of the procurement systems in the industry where collaborative innovation is the path used to achieve the goals of a project. Appreciable characteristics and benefits of this concept convert the construction industry towards it. It is observed that United States of America is the jirst to develop and implement this concept specially focusing on the public sector. Although, the concept is not yet popular around the world, it is likely that the clients will demand for it in future due to economic and managerial advantages it brings. Thus, it is important that an industry be prepared to adapt the system as and when the need arises. Identifying this need, a literature synthesis on requisites and barriers for successful implementation of IPD is presented in this paper. The findings shall become valuable source for any construction industry to assess their readiness and take necessary steps to be ready to implement IPD system successfully.
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Adaptability of integrated project delivery in a construction industry
(2012-06) Jayasena, HS; Senevirathna, NS; Senaratne, S; Sandanayake, YG
Within the traditional procurement system, level of achievement of client and contractor objectives may vary depending on the type of procurement used. This may further create a gap between the expected and actual performance of the project. Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) is the modern development of the procurement systems in the industry where collaborative innovation is the path used to achieve the goals of a project. Appreciable characteristics and benefits of this concept convert the construction industry towards it. It is observed that United States of America is the first to develop and implement this concept specially focusing on the public sector. Although, the concept is not yet popular around the world, it is likely that the clients will demand for it in future due to economic and managerial advantages it brings. Thus, it is important that an industry be prepared to adapt the system as and when the need arises. Identifying this need, a literature synthesis on requisites and barriers for successful implementation of IPD is presented in this paper. The findings shall become valuable source for any construction industry to assess their readiness and take necessary steps to be ready to implement IPD system successfully.
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Adaptability of lean concept to reduce plumbing waste in high-rise building construction in Sri Lanka
(Ceylon Institute of Builders - Sri Lanka, 2023-07-21) Senanayake, SMAH; Seneviratne, LDIP; Ranadewa, KATO
The waste generation due to the plumbing work substantially influences the total waste. Waste management is one of the most critical processes to achieve effective and productive construction projects successfully. Lean is a philosophy that is adopted in several sectors to mitigate waste. Thus, this paper intends to identify the adaptability of lean concepts to reduce plumbing waste in high-rise building construction in Sri Lanka. Data collection was done through two Delphi round interviews. The collected data were analysed using manual content analysis. As a result, comprising a total of twenty-seven barriers were identified under five sets of barrier groups for implementing lean concept to reduce plumbing waste in high-rise building construction in Sri Lanka. The strategies to successfully overcome each challenge and barrier were identified. Conducting CPD programmes, training programmes, showing the benefits of lean implementation and providing knowledge about lean through universities and other higher education institutes are the most common strategies to overcome the barriers to lean application. This study paves the path to lean professionals to align their strategy with lean practices by understanding and identifying the major obstacles.
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Adaptability of shared workspace concept in office buildings in Sri Lanka
(Ceylon Institute of Builders, 2018-06) Perera, WY; Perera, BAKS; Jayawickrama, TS; Sandanayake, YG; Gunatilake, S; Waidyasekara, KGAS
A well-organised, well-designed workspace in an organization will help it to fully achieve its goals. Although visiting staff are also considered as staff of an organisation, they often face difficulties in finding space within the organization for working as they are not generally assigned specific workspace to work from. In Sri Lanka, many office buildings have unutilised floor space. These unutilised spaces are quite costly to maintain. Moreover, an unutilized space will have an adverse impact on the sustainability of the organisation. This study addresses these issues by investigating the adaptability of shared workspace concept in office buildings in Sri Lanka. To achieve this aim, a literature review, 14 expert interviews and two case studies were conducted. Content analysis was used to analyse the findings. The study identifies the type of office spaces that can be used as shared workspaces. It is found that not all offices with unutilised space will be able to decide to adopt the shared workspace concept as that decision has to be based on the type and operating hours of the office, core business of the organisation, organisational culture and the support structure and the accessibility of the building in which the office is housed.
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Adaptable built-environment as a potential strategy to sustain post-disaster resettlements in Sri Lanka
(2017) Sridarran, P; Keraminiyage, K; Amaratunga, D
In the recent decades, internal displacements occur in greater number across the world each year without drawing much attention. To minimise the causes and attenuate the consequences of displacement, governments and other concerned entities involve themselves in the process of resettlement to different degrees. However, the large-scale resettlements are often criticised for offering only temporary relief without meeting the long-term expectations of the affected communities. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to explore the potentials of an adaptable built-environment to provide durable solutions to sustain post-disaster resettlements. Based on previous case studies 14 long-term struggles in adapting to a new built-environment are identified. A Likert scale questionnaire survey was conducted in 4 resettlement schemes in Sri Lanka, to scale the level of severity of the identified factors. Collected questionnaires were analysed using factor analysis technique to identify the underlying concepts of the adaptability issues. The findings of this study show that the underlying structure of the identified factors that affect the adaptability of the built-environment of the displaced community includes less availability of social infrastructure, the unfamiliarity of the houses, difference in the location, non-flexibility of the houses, comfort of the houses, and less availability of utilities. Similarly, the underlying structure of the host community includes less availability of social infrastructure, different usage of the land, community relationship, and less availability of the utilities.