Browsing by Author "Vithanage, SC"

Now showing 1 - 4 of 4

item: Thesis-Abstract
Comparison of shell element forces obtained through classical analysis and computer software
(2015-09-17) Vithanage, SC; Nanayakkara, SMA
The “intze” type water tanks are economical for storing large capacities of water. Therefore accurate analysis of these structures is essential. Modern trend is to use computer software for analysis and design of structures. It is easy and time saving. There are many commercial software available for the structural analysis. However, the accuracy of the output of the software depends on how well the actual structure is modeled. All those software are finite element based. There are many types of finite elements developed for the purpose of structural modeling. These elements have their own advantages and limitations in different situations. Selection of correct type of element and proper fineness of mesh is very important in achieving accurate results. The aim of this research is to study the proper type of finite element and the optimal fineness of mesh suitable for different types of shells. In this context, the results obtained using different type of finite elements and different fineness of mesh used for analysis of “intze” type water tower were compared with the results obtained through classical analysis. A 1500m3 intze type water tank was selected as a structure to analyse and compare the results. First, the structure was analyzed using elastic theory of thin shells with certain approximations. Stress analysis of “intze” tanks is extremely complicated due to many degrees of redundancies. The computer software “STAAD Pro” was used for the finite element modeling of the tank. Initially 2-noded beam elements and 4-noded plate bending elements were used to model the structure. Many different models were created modifying the initial model until a result which is well comparable with classical results is obtained. Following models were created in “STAAD Pro”, Model 1. Beams were modeled as 2-noded beam elements and shells were modeled as 4-noded plate bending elements. Model 2. Vertical axis and horizontal axis bending moments were released from the 1st model. Model 3. Actual member eccentricities were given for the beams in 2nd model. Model 4. Both beams and shells were modeled as 4-noded plate bending elements. By comparing the results of above 4 models with results obtained through classical analysis, most suitable model was identified. After identifying most suitable model representing the structure, following further studies were carried out. Model a) Use of 3-noded shell elements instead of 4-noded shell elements. Model b) Changing the fineness of the mesh to study the effect of element size in final results. The results obtained were studied and made a conclusion on the suitability of different types of finite elements for different types of elements. It has been found that the STAAD Pro model 3 is the better structural representation of actual structure. STAAD Pro model 3 is the model which has vertical and horizontal axis bending moments released and actual eccentricities were given at the member start node and end node of the ring beam elements. Shells are quadrilateral plate bending element as 4 nodes of the plate in every shell lie on same plane.
item: Conference-Abstract
Energy saving options for large scale garment factories in the apparel manufacturing sector
(IEEE, 2017-05) Chandrasekara, NM; Perera, BAKS; Vithanage, SC; Jayasekara, AGBP; Amarasinghe, YWR
The apparel industry is energy intensive and its energy cost is a significant component of its operating cost. This operating cost can be reduced through energy analysis and diagnostics. Hence, the study focuses to determine the energy saving options available for apparel industry. Initially a literature review was conducted on energy profile, factors causing energy losses and energy saving options in apparel sector. Expert interviews validated the findings of literature review. Five case studies and a document review were used for data collection which were analyzed using NVivo 11. Fifteen significant factors that cause energy losses were identified under five categories related to knowledge, costs, organizations and employees, politics and society, and technology.
item: Conference-Abstract
Energy saving options for large scale garment factories in the apparel manufacturing sector
(2017) Chandrasekara, NM; Perera, BAKS; Vithanage, SC
The apparel industry is energy intensive and its energy cost is a significant component of its operating cost. This operating cost can be reduced through energy analysis and diagnostics. Hence, the study focuses to determine the energy saving options available for apparel industry. Initially a literature review was conducted on energy profile, factors causing energy losses and energy saving options in apparel sector. Expert interviews validated the findings of literature review. Five case studies and a document review were used for data collection which were analyzed using NVivo 11. Fifteen significant factors that cause energy losses were identified under five categories related to knowledge, costs, organizations and employees, politics and society, and technology.
item: Conference-Full-text
Significant factors affecting effectiveness of community-based organizations in rural water supply sector of Sri Lanka
(Ceylon Institute of Builders, 2017-07) Rathnayake, MD; Abeynayake, M; Vithanage, SC; Sandanayake, YG; Ramachandra, T; Gunatilake, S
Water as a basic need of all humans, their ultimate expectation is to have health and well-being life fulfilled with social and economic development through getting access to use of safe drinking water. Subsequently, providing adequate drinking water to all poor living areas has become a major challenge in developing countries like Sri Lanka. Community engagement in rural water supply (RWS) projects should become essential as the client and end-users are not involved in the project management process during a typical project. Therefore, the aim of the research is to investigate the factors which are significantly affect for effectiveness of Community Based Organisation (CBO) management in both client’s perspective and community perspective. A mixed approach was utilized for the study. A comprehensive literature review was intended to explore factors which are affecting for effectiveness of CBO management. Significant factors were observed through semi structured interviews based on Delphi technique to collect data on client’s perspective. Questionnaire survey was carried out based on close ended questionnaires to collect CBO perspective data. Data was analysed via content analysis to generate qualitative outcome while RII technique was utilised to analyse statistical data. Effective revenue, effective billing to collection ratio, effective CBOs’ managerial level, effective stakeholder relationship and monitoring quality of water were identified as both perspectives agreed factors. The most significant factor on CBO perspective was considered as effective CBOs’ managerial level while client perspective factors such as effective CBO involvement in operation and maintenance phase, development of CBO performance and relationship between National Water Supply and Drainage Board (NWS&DB) and CBOs was considered as most significant. Outcome of the study can be recommended to use as a tool before commencing the water supply project for aware about which factors are mostly assist to increase the effectiveness of CBO management.