Browsing by Author "Sathurshan, M"

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    Rapid seismic visual screen method for masonry infilled reinforced concrete framed buildings: Application to typical Sri Lankan school buildings
    (Elsevier, 2023) Sathurshan, M; Thamboo, J; Mallikarachchi, C; Wijesundara, K; Dias, P
    Seismic rapid visual screening (RVS) methods are used when a large stock of structures is to be evaluated for seismic risk. Although several RVS methods are available, applications of those methods to appraise the seismic risk of reinforced concrete framed (RC) buildings with irregularities in masonry infill walls (MIWs) are limited. School buildings constructed in Sri Lanka are built with certain RC frame typologies; however, they vary in terms of MIW arrangements used. Therefore, a new RVS method is proposed to evaluate the seismic risk of masonry infilled reinforced concrete (RC-MIW) buildings, particularly for the typical RC-MIW school buildings in Sri Lanka. The proposed RVS method incorporates irregularities of MIW arrangements in the typical RC buildings, the attributes of which are not well accounted in the available RVS methods. The vulnerability attributes such as short column and soft storey effects, arise due to the irregularities of MIW arrangements in the buildings, are explicitly incorporated in the proposed RVS method. The FEMA P-154 guidelines were followed to develop basic scores, score modifiers and minimum scores in the proposed RVS method. For that purpose, seismic performances of RC-MIW schools with various MIW irregularities were numerically analysed. The effectiveness of the proposed RVS method is compared with the existing RVS methods to evaluate the seismic risk of typical RC-MIW school buildings in Sri Lanka. It is shown that the proposed RVS method is capable of capturing the seismic risks of such typical RC-MIW Sri Lankan school buildings
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    Seismic fragility of lightly reinforced concrete school building typologies with different masonry infill configurations
    (Elsevier, 2023) Sathurshan, M; Thamboo, J; Mallikarachchi, C; Wijesundara, K
    This paper presents the outcome of a research study conducted to establish seismic fragilities of school building typologies in Sri Lanka. The school buildings in Sri Lanka can be characterised as lightly reinforced concrete (RC) buildings, infilled with masonry walls (IMW). However, they are categorised into two typologies based on the structural layouts used (1) Type 1 (T01) and (2) Type 2 (T02). Although, the school buildings can be grouped into two typologies, variabilities in terms IMW configurations and their arrangements are observed among those school buildings. These variabilities in terms of building typologies as well as IMW arrangements were taken to establish seismic fragility curves. The seismic performances of the school buildings were numerically assessed, where in total 640 building cases were analysed by varying typologies, IMW configurations, and stochastic material properties. Since, the RC school buildings are lightly reinforced, a simplified, yet a novel approach was followed to account the shear failure of RC columns under seismic actions. Then, four damage thresholds were established (slight, moderate, severe and collapse) and the corresponding fragility curves are presented in terms of school building typologies considered. Finally, based on the fragility curves, damage probability matrices of the building typologies were established.
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    Seismic vulnerability assessment of masonry infilled reinforced concrete school building frames in Sri Lanka
    (2022) Sathurshan, M; Mallikarachchi, HMYC; Thamboo, JA; Wijesundara, KK
    Sri Lanka is considered as an aseismic country, hence the seismic risk is not explicitly considered in the planning and designing of critical structures. However, current studies indicate that the seismic risk cannot be completely omitted when designing buildings in Sri Lanka, particularly post-disaster structures like schools and hospitals that should be designed to withstand any potential seismic action. Meanwhile, assessing the seismic risk of all the critical structures in depth across Sri Lanka might not be an easy task, and therefore, the creation of a rapid assessment method would help to effectively screen the buildings which are seismically vulnerable. Therefore, in this study, an attempt was made to assess the seismic vulnerability of school buildings in Sri Lanka in detail by incorporating possible variations and proposing an alternate Rapid Visual Screening method (RVS) for Sri Lankan conditions by incorporating FEMA P-154 guidance. In order to study the existing school building typologies, detailed structural surveys were carried out across Sri Lanka in selected school buildings. The survey revealed that school buildings in Sri Lanka can be characterised as reinforced concrete (RC) frames, infilled with unreinforced masonry walls (MI). Based on the structural configurations, mainly two building typologies were found as (1) Type 01 and (2) Type 02. Nonetheless, in terms of MI arrangements, it was observed that significant variations exist among the school buildings. Therefore, those variabilities were explicitly taken to assess the seismic performance of MI-RC school buildings. The seismic performance of the school buildings was analysed using the OpenSees (OS) finite element programme. The torsional effects and post-processing as shear capacity and stochastic material properties (concrete, steel, and masonry) from Monte-Carlo simulation were incorporated in this study. The modal analysis and non-linear static pushover analysis were carried out, in which a total of 640 building cases were analysed. The analyses of pushover (PO) and seismic fragility revealed that the Type 02 buildings exhibit significantly better performance than the Type 01 buildings. Also, the variation in MI arrangements significantly influences the seismic resistance of the buildings. In addition, the application of the proposed RVS method is effective to carry out the seismic screening method of school buildings in Sri Lanka. Keywords: School buildings, Non-linear static pushover, Seismic performance assessment, Seismic Fragility assessment and Rapid visual screening method