Browsing by Author "Rajini, PAD"

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item: Conference-Abstract
The Applicability of performance based employee share ownership plans for the motivation of junior management level employees in service sector organizations in Sri Lanka
Ekanayakc, EMKS; Rajini, PAD; Konara, KMGK
The contribution of workforce management professionals has become increasingly important with the growing ascendancy of Human Resources Management (HRM) in its various symptoms. People having different intentions so employers can get best from their employees while providing effective benefits. Employee Share Ownership Plan (ESOP) is a form of employee financial participation that presents on the right of employees to share in the capital of the company and, right to exercise some degree of control over company affairs. Researchers’ approaches seem to be more descriptive and confined within the limits of implementation ESOPs in difference industries. Most of them mainly, addressed ESOP concepts and the applications of ESOPs in different economic conditions. However, minimum attention has been given to the necessity of use of ESOP as a motivational tool to enhance its productivity. Thus, this study explored the applicability of performance based ESOP to the motivation of junior management level employees in organizations in Sri Lankan. This research problem was approached through case studies of three sendee sector organizations, which have implemented ESOP. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with experts and questionnaire survey was carried out during the data collection. According to the findings, only senior employees get benefits from ESOP and the used criteria for ESOP were not rational therefore, its contribution for enhancing employee performance is less.
item: Conference-Abstract
The Applicability of performance based employee share ownership plans for the motivation of junior management level employees in service sector organizations in Sri Lanka
Ekanayake, EMKS; Rajini, PAD; Konara, KMGK
The contribution of workforce management professionals has become increasingly important with the growing ascendancy of Human Resources Management (HRM) in its various symptoms. People having different intentions so employers can get best from their employees while providing effective benefits. Employee Share Ownership Plan (ESOP) is a form of employee financial participation that presents on the right of employees to share in the capital of the company and, right to exercise some degree of control over company affairs. Researchers‟ approaches seem to be more descriptive and confined within the limits of implementation ESOPs in difference industries. Most of them mainly, addressed ESOP concepts and the applications of ESOPs in different economic conditions. However, minimum attention has been given to the necessity of use of ESOP as a motivational tool to enhance its productivity. Thus, this study explored the applicability of performance based ESOP to the motivation of junior management level employees in organizations in Sri Lankan. This research problem was approached through case studies of three service sector organizations, which have implemented ESOP. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with experts and questionnaire survey was carried out during the data collection. According to the findings, only senior employees get benefits from ESOP and the used criteria for ESOP were not rational therefore, its contribution for enhancing employee performance is less.
item: Conference-Abstract
Enablers an barriers of implementing ISO 50001 - Energy Management Systems(EnMS) in Sri Lankan context
Samarakoon, SBRGK; Rajini, PAD; ;
Energy is critical to organizational operations and can be a major cost to organizations. Besides the economic costs, energy crisis can impose various environmental and societal costs by reducing resources and supporting environmental problems. Especially in buildings, energy is considered as one of the main cost centres for their operations. Considering the importance of managing energy, a number of national, regional and international Energy Management Systems (EnMSs) have been developed to integrate energy efficiency into organisations’ management practices while finetuning operating processes and improving efficiency of industrial systems. Among them, ISO 50001-EnMS, which was introduced by International Organization of Standardization (ISO) is the most popular system which has been implemented all over the world. However, literature and preliminary studies revealed that there are very few ISO-50001-EnMS applications within Sri Lanka. Hence, there is a little doubt relating to the implementation of ISO 50001-EnMS in Sri Lankan Context. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to critically review the enablers and barriers of implementing ISO 50001-EnMS in Sri Lankan context. A comprehensive literature review, desk study and a preliminary expert survey were employed in achieving the aim of the paper. The research findings identified that financial constraints; lack of experts relating to EnMsSs; unawareness on the importance of applicability; complexity of documentation processes; institutional complexities and different cultural aspects as the most critical barriers while identifying the improved organizational image; well-documented energy utilization procedures; regulatory compliances and internal/external recognition and rewards as the key enablers for the implementation of ISO 50001-EnMS in Sri Lanka.
item: Conference-Full-text
Enablers and barriers of implementing iso 50001- energy management systems (enms) in sri lankan context
(Ceylon Institute of Builders, 2013-06) Samarakoon, SBRGK; Rajini, PAD; Sandanayake, YG; Fernando, NG
Energy is critical to organizational operations and can be a major cost to organizations. Besides the economic costs, energy crisis can impose various environmental and societal costs by reducing resources and supporting environmental problems. Especially in buildings, energy is considered as one of the main cost centres for their operations. Considering the importance of managing energy, a number of national, regional and international Energy Management Systems (EnMSs) have been developed to integrate energy efficiency into organisations' management practices while fine- tuning operating processes and improving efficiency of industrial systems. Among them, ISO 50001-EnMS, which was introduced by International Organization of Standardization (ISO) is the most popular system which has been implemented all over the world. However, literature and preliminary studies revealed that there are very few ISO-50001-EnMS applications within Sri Lanka. Hence, there is a little doubt relating to the implementation of ISO 50001-EnMS in Sri Lankan Context. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to critically review the enablers and barriers of implementing ISO 50001-EnMS in Sri Lankan context. A comprehensive literature review, desk study and a preliminary expert survey were employed in achieving the aim of the paper. The research findings identified that financial constraints; lack of experts relating to EnMSs; unawareness on the importance of applicability; complexity of documentation processes; institutional complexities and different cultural aspects as the most critical barriers while identifying the improved organizational image; well-documented energy utilization procedures; regulatory compliances and internal/external recognition and rewards as the key enablers for the implementation of ISO 50001-EnMS in Sri Lanka.
item: Conference-Abstract
Equipment selection factors of integrated building management systems (IBMSs) in Sri Lanka
Madhurangi, MVD; Rajini, PAD; Fernando, CSPK; S.B.R.G.K. Samarakoon, SBRGK
Management of facilities has become a complex task involving multitudes of disciplines. With increased awareness for efficient building operation, building owners and operators are looking for means to reduce the operational cost and to ensure the proper functionality of buildings and building sendees. To manage an organisation in an effective and cost-efficient way, these systems can be integrated into a single interface control solution called Integrated /Intelligent Building Management System (IBMS). Hence, in an intelligent building, IBMS acts as a complete information delivery system that monitors and controls a variety of mechanical and electrical systems and equipment such as such as lighting. Closed Circuit Television (CCTV), access control, fire detection, air conditioning, water management, elevator management, cark park management, etc. at an optimal level of efficiency. However, building systems and the equipment for the IBMSs should be carefully selected as those components have major contribution towards the overall performance of an IBMS. Hence, this research was carried out with the aim of investigating the factors that should be considered in selecting systems and equipment for IBMSs. A comprehensive literature survey, a preliminary survey and case study method was adopted to achieve the aim of the research. The required data were collected through semi structured inten’iews conducted among IBMS contractors of selected cases. The collected data were analysed, using code based content analysis. According to the findings, 'higher efficiency ’, 'cost, 'improved safety ’ and 'enhanced reliability ’ are the four major factors that should be considered in system and equipment selection. With the high demand and awareness of IBMS. it is fast becoming a part of facilities management and operational strategy in the organisations. Therefore, the careful consideration of above selection factors in designing would ensure the maximum performance of the IBMS.
item: Conference-Full-text
Equipment selection factors of integrated building management systems (IBMSs) in Sri Lanka
(Ceylon Institute of Builders, 2014-06) Madhurangi, MVD; Rajini, PAD; Fernando, CSPK; Samarakoon, SBRGK; Sandanayake, YG; Fernando, NG; Karunasena, GI
Management of facilities has become a complex task involving multitudes of disciplines. With increased awareness for efficient building operation, building owners and operators are looking for means to reduce the operational cost and to ensure the proper functionality of buildings and building services. To manage an organisation in an effective and cost-efficient way, these systems can be integrated into a single interface control solution called Integrated / Intelligent Building Management System (IBMS). Hence, in an intelligent building, IBMS acts as a complete information delivery system that monitors and controls a variety of mechanical and electrical systems and equipment such as such as lighting, Closed Circuit Television (CCTV), access control, fire detection, air conditioning, water management, elevator management, cark park management, etc. at an optimal level of efficiency. However, building systems and the equipment for the IBMSs should be carefully selected as those components have major contribution towards the overall performance of an IBMS. Hence, this research was carried out with the aim of investigating the factors that should be considered in selecting systems and equipment for IBMSs. A comprehensive literature survey, a preliminary survey and case study method was adopted to achieve the aim of the research. The required data were collected through semi structured interviews conducted among IBMS contractors of selected cases. The collected data were analysed, using code based content analysis. According to the findings, ‘higher efficiency’, ‘cost, ‘improved safety’ and ‘enhanced reliability’ are the four major factors that should be considered in system and equipment selection. With the high demand and awareness of IBMS, it is fast becoming a part of facilities management and operational strategy in the organisations. Therefore, the careful consideration of above selection factors in designing would ensure the maximum performance of the IBMS.
item: Conference-Abstract
An Evaluation on the implementation of ISO 50001:2011 energy management system (ENMs) in the Sri Lankan context
Samarakoon, SBRGK; Rajini, PAD
Throughout the world, energy conservation is ranked as a high priority on the environmental agenda, because energy is a demanding resource for organizational operations and can have a significant impact on organizational economic condition. Instead of economic problems, energy crisis can impose various environmental and societal costs by reducing resources and supporting environmental problems. Over the entire life cycle, building has been identified as main energy consumer in the world.Hence, energy is considered as one of the main cost centres for building operations. Considering the importance of managing energy, a number of national, regional and international Energy Management Systems (EnMSs) have been developed to integrate energy efficiency into organizations’ management practices, while fine-tuning operating processes and improving efficiency of industrial systems. However, literature and preliminary studies revealed that there are very few ISO-50001:2011-EnMS applications within Sri Lanka. Hence, there is a little doubt relating to the implementation of ISO 50001:2011-EnMS in Sri Lankan Context. Therefore, the aim of this research was to evaluate the adoptability of ISO 50001:2011-EnMS in the Sri Lankan context. Literature review, preliminary expert survey and multiple case studies were employed in achieving the aim of the research. A conceptual framework for implementing ISO 50001:2011-EnMS was developed after the literature review and it was revised with the preliminary expert survey findings. Research findings revealed that the entire EnMS is fully compatible with Sri Lankan context. Further, results from this study discussed organizational and system requirements, importance and objectives of implementing ISO 50001:2011-EnMS in Sri Lanka, enablers and barriers of implementation, and recommended practices for proper implementation process. According to the findings, ‘time consuming procedures for achieving the certification’, ‘development of EnPIs’, ‘hidden costs’, and ‘non-availability of competent persons internally’ could be identified as ruling barriers at the implementation stage. The study also found a number of drivers; ‘involvement and support of top management’, ‘past record keeping’, and ‘assertiveness on energy cost reduction’, as motivators for implementing ISO 50001:2011-EnMS. Finally, the research developed a framework for implementing ISO 50001:2011-EnMS in the Sri Lankan context with several recommendations on implementation.
item: Conference-Full-text
ICSECM 2015 - Facilities Management Approaches for Sustainability
(2016-01-05) Manjula, NHC; Dissanayake, DMPP; Rajini, PAD
In its most general sense sustainability is the capacity to endure. Sustainability has emerged as a result of significant concerns about the unintended social, environmental, and economic consequences of rapid population growth, economic growth and consumption of natural resources. Sustainability depends on three basic pillars; environmental, social and economical sustainability. In order to be sustainable, these three areas of sustainability must be achieved throughout the life cycle of a facility. The facility manager is in a unique position to view the entire process and is often the leader of the only group that has influence over the entire life cycle of a facility. Therefore, the facility manager often becomes the proponent of sustainable and green practices. Armed with the proper approaches, the Facility Manager can create long‐lasting value to the organisation by developing, implementing and maintaining sustainable facility practices. Therefore, this study attempts to pinpoint the Facilities Management approaches to achieve and maintain environmental, social and economical sustainability. A comprehensive literature review was carried out on a broader perspective with the purpose of getting familiarize with the research phenomena. Interview guidelines were developed based on the findings of the literature review. In order to validate and further the literature findings five expert interviews were carried out with experienced industry practitioners. Research findings revealed that in Sri Lankan context, a Facility Manager’s involvement for maintaining sustainability is most crucial in the operational phase of a facility. FM should have a clear view of environmental, social and economical aspects of sustainability. He / She should equally value the three pillars and a balanced approach needs to be taken in order to maintain a facility that is sustainable.
item: Conference-Full-text
ICSECM 2015 - Facilities Management Approaches for Sustainability
(2016-05-04) Manjula, NHC; Dissanayake, DMPP; Rajini, PAD
In its most general sense sustainability is the capacity to endure. Sustainability has emerged as a result of significant concerns about the unintended social, environmental, and economic consequences of rapid population growth, economic growth and consumption of natural resources. Sustainability depends on three basic pillars; environmental, social and economical sustainability. In order to be sustainable, these three areas of sustainability must be achieved throughout the life cycle of a facility. The facility manager is in a unique position to view the entire process and is often the leader of the only group that has influence over the entire life cycle of a facility. Therefore, the facility manager often becomes the proponent of sustainable and green practices. Armed with the proper approaches, the Facility Manager can create long-lasting value to the organisation by developing, implementing and maintaining sustainable facility practices. Therefore, this study attempts to pinpoint the Facilities Management approaches to achieve and maintain environmental, social and economical sustainability. A comprehensive literature review was carried out on a broader perspective with the purpose of getting familiarize with the research phenomena. Interview guidelines were developed based on the findings of the literature review. In order to validate and further the literature findings five expert interviews were carried out with experienced industry practitioners. Research findings revealed that in Sri Lankan context, a Facility Manager's involvement for maintaining sustainability is most crucial in the operational phase of a facility. FM should have a clear view of environmental, social and economical aspects of sustainability. He / She should equally value the three pillars and a balanced approach needs to be taken in order to maintain a facility that is sustainable.
item: Conference-Abstract
The Impact of ISO 9001 : quality management system (QMS) on financial and operational performance of service Sector organizations in Sri Lanka
Rajini, PAD; Jayasundara, JMDC
The increasing global competition and improved customer awareness demands for higher quality ofgoods and services and it has fostered the adoption and implementation of Quality Management Systems (QMSs) in organizations. ISO 9001, being the most popular QMS in the world, ensures the quality of systems in which goods and services are produced. Further, it helps companies to achieve advantages and improve the performance. Though the application of ISO 9001 standard in manufacturing sector is at a higher level, it could be noticed that the application of the standard in service sector in Sri Lanka is at a very low level. Further, literature does not provide a clear picture on the benefits which can be gained by implementing ISO 9001 in service sector organization in Sri Lanka. Hence, an attempt was made in this research to address the above research gap by studying the impact of ISO 9001 certification on financial and operational performance of service sector organizations in Sri Lanka. This paper reports on findings of an expert survey and case studies of three private sector service organizations which have obtained ISO 9001 certification. In expert survey, semi structured questionnaire was used in data collection and data were analyzed using Relative Important Index (RII). The required data in case studies were collected through semi structured interviews and content analysis. Cross case analysis was adopted for data analysis. The findings of empirical study confirmed the expert survey findings that the implementation of ISO 9001: QMS has a significant impact on both financial operational performances on service organizations in Sri Lanka.
item: Conference-Abstract
Improving construction safety through safe working cycle concept a literature review
Mendis, NSK; Rajini, PAD; Rathnayake, RMNU; Weerasinghe, AS
Safe Working Cycle (SWC), which is also known as Site Safe Cycle (SSC) or Safety Work Cycle is a concept which incorporates safety management into the construction management system to improve safety in construction. It enables an organisation to regulate its daily working process, provide a model for management to follow, and implement certain elements of the safety management system. Currently, SWC concept is effectively practiced in countries like Japan, China, Hong Kong, Singapore, United Kingdom etc. in their construction projects. As literature shows, after implementing the SWC, these countries have exhibited exceptional progress in construction safety and health, and the number of accidents have been decreased significantly. Though SWC is a novel concept to Sri Lanka, it is one of the best safety management tools which can be adopted to improve safety in construction industry in Sri Lanka. Therefore, this paper aims at reviewing the literature related to SWC concept which will assist the researcher to evaluate the applicability of SWC concept to the Sri Lankan construction industry, in the next phase of study.
item: Conference-Full-text
Lean iceberg model for post disaster reconstruction projects
(Ceylon Institute of Builders - Sri Lanka, 2022-06-24) Eranga, BAI; Ranadew, KATO; Rathnasinghe, AP; Rajini, PAD; Sandanayake, YG; Waidyasekara, KGAS; Gunatilake, S
Post Disaster Reconstruction (PDR) projects are currently facing many issues. The highly demanding construction process of PDR projects that involves a number of different and well-coordinated courses of action can be simplified through integrating lean construction. Hence, Lean Iceberg Model (LIM) implementation for PDR projects will eventually minimise the issues in PDR projects. However, there is lack of research on implementation of lean construction to PDR projects. Therefore, this study aims to develop a framework to minimise PDR issues through LIM. This research adopted interpretivism stance and uses the qualitative survey strategy. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten experts, selected based on purposive sampling. The code-based content analysis was used to data analysis, which was supported by NVivo12. The findings of the study revealed that lack of quality, lack of budget and delays as the main issues in PDR projects. The essential part, therefore, was to identify invisible elements which were most of the times neglected rather than the visible elements of LIM. Finally, a framework was developed by systematically mapping the identified PDR issues for both visible and invisible elements of the LIM. In addition, the "LIM for PDR" mobile application has been developed as part of the framework which deals with educating and guiding users on a successful implementation of lean in a PDR project through LIM. The results of this research contribute to overcome the PDR issues which can be derived from the LIM. Hence, industry practitioners can use the outcomes to successfully implement lean in PDR projects.
item: Conference-Abstract
Multidimensional framework for procurement selection criteria for warehouse management in Sri Lanka
Konara, KMGK; De Zoysa, TS; Rajini, PAD; Vijerathne, MGTD
A chain is only as strong as its weakest link. In order to retain the effectiveness and efficiency of a Supply Chain (SC), each segment or the link of the SC require to perform their portion, effectively and efficiently. Modern organisations are in a process of creating innovative concepts and practices in order to obtain the competitive edge among the competitors. Warehouse Management (WM) is one such concept that has been introduced to improve the performance of SC. It plays a major role as the most commonly procured business function over the years, whereas world class companies has identified it as an enabler for improving logistics. However irrespective of the worldwide revolutionary achievements gained by SC and WM, procurement of WM within the Sri Lankan context is still lagging behind. Therefore this research is mainly intended to develop framework which enable evaluating procurement options of WM within the Sri Lankan context. To achieve the aforementioned aim literature survey and questionnaires survey were used as main data collection tools while Relative Importance Index (RII) method and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) multi-criterion decision making tool were used to analyse data. The scope of the framework extends to both micro and macro environments of the related industry. Thus it comprises the criteria of economic, geographical, technological, quality related, service level, legal and social environment. The findings revealed that there are mainly three procurement methods presence in Sri Lankan WM industry namely in house option, outsource option and semi outsource option out of which outsourcing been the widely accepted method. Economic and geographical criteria became the mainly considered criteria when selecting a WM. the developed framework can be used as a guideline for decision making when procuring WM services for an orgnisation within the Sri Lankan context.
item: Conference-Abstract
Occupants’ satisfaction on green certified factory buildings in Sri Lanka
Monarange, BS; De Silva, ML; Rajini, PAD; Hemachandra, KGKN
Factory buildings play an important role in socio-economic environment in Sri Lanka while significantly contributing to the resource consumption. Therefore, the application of green building concept, which ensures the well-being of both human and environment is crucial to this end. While leaving a lighter footprint on the environment, a successful green building should be able to meet the classical building design concerns of economy, utility, durability, and comfort requirements. The occupants‘ satisfaction also needs to be given a special attention as it directly relates with the occupants‘ productivity. However, a lack of concern on the occupants‘ satisfaction can be seen in green factory buildings in Sri Lanka and thus, the research aimed at investigating the occupants‘ satisfaction and identify the causes for dissatisfaction if any. A semi structured questionnaire survey was conducted among total of 50 occupants selected from five green factory buildings in order to identify their level of satisfaction. The Mean Weighted Rating method was employed for data analysis. The research identified that the satisfaction level of occupants is at a good level though the occupants‘ dissatisfaction in green factory buildings was mainly caused by difficulties engaged with adjusting the light, room temperature, and room ventilation levels.
item: Conference-Full-text
Preventive methods used for health and safety hazards in hotel industry in Sri Lanka
(2012-06) Rajini, PAD; Fernando, CSP; Serapperuma, SAIS; Rajini, P.A.D., Fernando, C.S.P., & Serapperuma, S.A.I.S. (2012). Preventive methods used for health and safety hazards in hotel industry in Sri Lanka. In S. Senaratne & Y.G. Sandanayake (Eds.), Global challenges in construction industry (pp. 294-303). Ceylon Institute of Builders. https://ciobwcs.com/downloads/WCS2012-Proceedings.pdf; Senaratne, S; Sandanayake, YG
Occupational safety and health is a discipline which aims at the promotion and maintenance of the highest degree of physical, mental and social well-being of workers. It involves the protection of workers in their employment from risks resulting factors, which are adverse to their safety and health condition. If there is a safety and health issue in an organisation, it will lead to various problems and puts the worker, their families, other people in the community, and the physical environment around the work place at a risk. Literature reveals that health and safety matter in hotel industry is a very broad and critical concept that should be taken in to consideration. However, a study which has been carried on health and safety hazards in hotel industry is hardly found in Sri Lanka. Therefore, in order to address the above gap, this research aims at identifying the health and safety hazards, causes of those hazards and the preventive measures that can be adopted to minimise these hazards in hotel industry of Sri Lanka. A three step approach; a literature survey, a preliminary study and a detailed questionnaire survey, was carried out in achieving the aim of this research. The study identified ‘Cuts and Burns’ and ‘Electrical Hazards’ as the most critical health and safety hazards in hotel industry. According to the study the most critical causes for those hazards are ‘Open Flames’ and ‘Contact with Electricity from Machines’ respectively. Further, ‘Inadequate Instructions’ and ‘Inadequate Safety Education’ could be identified as the most critical factors that affect the overall health and safety hazards in hotel industry. As the findings revealed, the usage of preventive methods to mitigate health and safety hazards in hotel industry in Sri Lanka, is at a very low level and using PPE and fire protection methods and maintaining a good housekeeping procedure are the mostly practiced preventive methods. Further, there are lot more to implement in order to minimise/eliminate health and safety hazards.
item: Conference-Full-text
State-of-the-art lean learning practices in construction: a case study in Sri Lanka
(Department of Building Economics, 2024) Parameswaran, A; Ranadewa, KATO; Rajini, PAD; Jayanetti, JKDDT; Sandanayake, YG; Waidyasekara, KGAS; Ranadewa, KATO; Chandanie, H
Integrating lean learning practices in construction is paramount for elevating project quality, thus bolstering industry competitiveness and sustainability. However, there exists a notable dearth of research addressing lean learning practices specifically within the Sri Lankan construction industry. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the state-of-the-art lean learning practices in the Sri Lankan construction industry. An interpretivism stance is adopted, and a qualitative research approach is used. A case study strategy was adopted, focusing on three large Sri Lankan contracting organisations selected through purposive sampling. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews with fifteen experienced individuals, and document reviews. The collected data was then analysed using code-based content analysis using NVivo 12. Different lean tools, including Last Planner System (LPS), Value Stream Mapping (VSM), and 5S, are presently being utilised in an ad-hoc manner within contracting organisations. Comprehensive lean learning practices, including regular training sessions, workshops, and hands-on exercises, were emphasised to translate theoretical lean concepts into practical knowledge. By identifying the ad-hoc nature of their implementation, the study shed light on the importance of structured lean learning initiatives tailored to different organisational levels. It is recommended to implement clear communication channels, ongoing training, and a culture of continuous improvement for sustaining lean transformation in the Sri Lankan construction industry. By focusing on lean learning practices, the topic acknowledges the continuous improvement aspect of lean construction, emphasising the need for ongoing education and skill development within construction teams. This study has the potential to contribute valuable insights to both academia and industry practitioners seeking to enhance efficiency, quality, and sustainability in construction projects.
item: Conference-Full-text
A Study on Water Management Strategies Practiced in Healthcare Facilities: A Literature Review
(2016-04-26) Priyalal, WGSS; De Silva, ML; Rajini, PAD
Water management in facilities can be simply explained as consuming water effectively without obstructing the functions of the facility. Healthcare facilities are one of the major types of facilities which consume a huge amount of water for their daily operations. Therefore, water management in healthcare facilities should be given a special attention in order to reduce the operational cost of the facility while contributing to sustainable development of the country. Various strategies can be practiced for water management in healthcare facilities and the understanding on current water management practices is important to take necessary measures to improve the current practices. The aim of this research was to investigate the current water management practices of healthcare facilities. Hence, a comprehensive literature review was carried out to identify the water management practices of healthcare facilities. The identified strategies could be categorised in to two as general water management strategies and strategies which are specific to healthcare facilities. Application of these strategies enable the management of healthcare facilities to minimize the drawbacks of their current water management practices and reduce the water consumption of their facilities by a considerable amount.
item: Conference-Full-text
A Study on Water Management Strategies Practiced in Healthcare Facilities: A Literature Review
(2016-01-04) Priyalal, WGSS; de Silva, ML; Rajini, PAD
Abstract: Water management in facilities can be simply explained as consuming water effectively without obstructing the functions of the facility. Healthcare facilities are one of the major types of facilities which consume a huge amount of water for their daily operations. Therefore, water management in healthcare facilities should be given a special attention in order to reduce the operational cost of the facility while contributing to sustainable development of the country. Various strategies can be practiced for water management in healthcare facilities and the understanding on current water management practices is important to take necessary measures to improve the current practices. The aim of this research was to investigate the current water management practices of healthcare facilities. Hence, a comprehensive literature review was carried out to identify the water management practices of healthcare facilities. The identified strategies could be categorised in to two as general water management strategies and strategies which are specific to healthcare facilities. Application of these strategies enable the management of healthcare facilities to minimize the drawbacks of their current water management practices and reduce the water consumption of their facilities by a considerable amount.
item: Conference-Abstract
A Survey on capital budgeting techniques practiced by the Sri Lankan commercial sector
Ranaweera, AL; Fernado, CSPK; Rajini, PAD; Weerasinghe, RPNP; Cost of Capital; Commercial Sector, Sri Lanka
Capital Budgeting (CB) is one of the most important areas of firms’ decision making process that contributes to long term growth of the firm. Various Capital Budgeting Techniques (CBTs) are being widely used among financial expertise. Several techniques are commonly used to evaluate capital budgeting projects such as discounted cash flow techniques such as Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR) and Profitability Index (PI) and nondiscounted cash flow techniques such as Payback Period (PP) and Accounting Rate of Return (ARR). Recent studies highlighted that financial managers are frequently using these methods such as the NPV, IRR or PP techniques (Lawrence, et al., 1997). The use of techniques is varying with different factors including organisations, managers, and size of the project. This study particularly finds the Capital Budgeting Techniques (CBT) practiced in Sri Lankan commercial sector organisations. A semi-structured questionnaire survey was conducted to gather empirical findings with the selected sample. It was found that majority of the firms are using NPV as a primary CBT while the second is given to IRR and DPP respectively. Some firms adopt more than one technique to be a primary tool and it was highlighted that NPV and IRR as the most commonly used combination in the project evolutions. The study found that majority of the firms adopts Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) as an independent measure of cost of capital. It was revealed there is a high tendency towards adopting CBTs to evaluate the projects in Sri Lankan commercial sector.
item: Conference-Abstract
Wastewater treatment, utilization and management in Sri Lankan healthcare sector : case of state sector hospitals
Mithila, MJNM; Waidyasekara, KGAS; Rajini, PAD
Hospitals are highly populated facilities which functions 24 hours a day. They generate large amount of wastewater through various sources which are very complex and hazardous. Furthermore, the emission of healthcare wastewater into the cities sewerage, rivers and groundwater pollute the entire system. Therefore, disposal of healthcare wastewater without adequate treatment can cause short and long term ill effects to public’s health. An onsite wastewater treatment would give a duel benefit of preventing the release of hazardous materials into other sources and bring the wastewater into the consumption cycle. At present, most of the countries utilize the treated wastewater in order to reduce the consumption of potable water. However, the literature review and preliminary studies revealed that wastewater management is poorly practiced in Sri Lankan healthcare sector. Therefore, this paper aimed to identify the extent of wastewater treatment, utilization and management in Sri Lankan state sector hospitals. The aim of the paper was achieved through literature review and questionnaire survey. The required data was collected from nine state hospitals in Colombo. Findings of the study revealed that a high quality of wastewater treatment and efficient reuse of reclaimed water is a big challenge for the healthcare sector due to the complex nature of wastewater process, higher cost of treatment and poor management. Moreover, it was found that currently wastewater generated from the state hospitals are discharged directly in to the cities sewerage without any treatment. Finally this paper discusses the current level of wastewater treatment, utilization and management in the state hospitals and identifies the critical barriers for the lack of poor practice of wastewater handling.