Browsing by Author "Fernando, TMD"

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item: Thesis-Abstract
Effects of eccentric cores on behaviour of tall buildings
Fernando, TMD; Jayasinghe, MTR
The latest advances of concrete technology, efficient structural forms as well as construction techniques make the new trends in the construction of tall buildings in commercial city centres of the developing countries. This is generally considered as an economical solution of the optimisation of the usable land space, especially in the countries where steel is an imported material. The planning of the tall buildings will have to fulfil the requirement of many, parries therefore the eccentric arrangement cores in the buildings is a common situation for the structural engineers, Since the developments in concrete technology make the latest tall buildings much more taller and lighter than the earlier buildings, the behavioural studies on non-symmetric core structures arc very important for various decisions made by structural engineers, The eccentric core structures arc subjected to torsional moments when resisting the lateral loads due to the eccentricity, the cores are also subjected to warping effects due to the torsional moments, therefore. the additional vertical stresses will be created. This could affect the behaviour of the building. The magnitudes of these vertical stress depended on eccentricity, type of loading patterns of vertical distribution of the loads etc. This study was carried out to determine the effects of non-symmetric cores on behavior or tall buildings. A detail case study was carried out for the buildings from twenty to thirty storey ranges for various loading conditions with different eccentricity levels to achieve the objectives of the study. The result of this study shows that It is not prudent to design buildings with eccentric cores, simply, because It could be designed for the lateral loads of lower magnitude. It is shown that such structures could be subjected to severe stresses under stronger earthquakes This could be the reason for the failure of the major structural elements and it could be the cause tor the collapse of the buildings as well. Therefore, limiting the eccentricity of cores arc advisable and it is prudent to have a secondary system to protect the building by improving the ductility of the building significantly, with special reinforcement details. Key words: Tall buildings, concrete cores, earthquake forces. wind forces, torsional moments
item: SRC-Report
Energy conservation in commercial buildings by optimizing the start stop sequence of the air-conditioning plant
Attalage, RA; Jayasinghe, MTR; Fernando, TMD
Sri Lanka has a warm humid climatic condition in low altitudes since it is located close to the equator. In many commercial buildings located in low altitudes, airconditioning is used as a popular option for providing the thermal comfort. However, this option is causing a lot of problems in recent past due to the energy crisis faced by Sri Lanka. The continuous increase of consumers has shifted the energy generation from hydropower to fossil fuels. Due to the recent price hikes of the petroleum in the world market, the electricity tariff rates have also been increased substantially. Therefore the cost of air-conditioning has increased considerably. With this, there is a considerable interest to optimize the performance of the air-conditioning systems. So that energy usage could be minimized. The reduction of energy used for air-conditioning is not a straightforward task. This is because it is important to maintain the thermal comfort indoors at an acceptable level. Therefore, developing strategies to reduce the energy consumed for airconditioning is important which has to be achieved without compromising thermal comfort of the occupants. The feasibility of the adjusting starts stop sequence of the air-conditioning plants was investigated with the aid of computer simulations carried out for a ten-story building. The effect on thermal comfort was determined by using the Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) index. It was shown that the number of operating hours could be reduced without affecting the thermal comfort, especially towards the end of the office hours. Such saving could be extremely important for countries like Sri Lanka that is facing an energy crisis amid the need to increase the number of consumers. The significance of such energy savings is quantified in terms of the number of rural houses that could be provided electricity. It is shown that the energy saved by adjusting the start stop sequence of a ten-story building is sufficient meet the electricity demand in about fifty rural houses.