Browsing by Author "Chaminda, SP"

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Alternative for river sand
(Department of Earth Resources Engineering, 2007-11) Ekanayaka, EMTM; Jayawardene, MN; Kannangara, KKDM; Puswewala, UGA; Rathnayake, NP; Chaminda, SP; Vijitha, AVP; Karunaratne, S
The need of finding an alternative for river sand arises due to the over exploitation of river sand and its various harmful consequences. The focus of the current study was on offshore sand, which is clearly one of the most viable alternatives for river sand, with respect to availability, ease of extraction, environmental impact and cost. Offshore sand is already used in Sri Lanka mainly for road filling and it is also used for construction in all over the world. A sea survey was conducted in Kaluthara-Benthota sea area and a resource distribution map was plotted. Samples from Muthurajawela offshore sand stick piles were collected and CT content was checked. Offshore sand saturated with sea water has Cl' content around 0.3%, where as if the seawater is gravity drained; it reduced to around the acceptable 0.075%. The action of an average rain fall would be enough to reduce the CT contents to below acceptable levels. However, two other alternatives were also studied in a limited way, namely manufactured sand and quarry dust are quarry products. While quarry dust is merely a by product from the production of course aggregate and tends to be flaky in shape, manufacture sand is actually produced such that a more desirable "rounded cubic" shape is obtained.
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Analysis of effect on vibration and air blast in rock quarrying
(Department of Earth Resources Engineering, 2010-09) Senadeera, SMADSI; Erangika, MD; Herath, MHBCW; Wickramasmghe, WIUS; Chaminda, SP; Dharmaratne PGR; Ratnayake, NP; Abeysinghe, AMKB; Premasiri, HMR; Karunaratne, S
Blasting induced ground vibration occurring in the quarries has ecome a serious environmental issue in Sri Lanka. To achieve high production targets the number of blasts has increased in the quarries and, therefore, mitigate measures to minimize the detrimental effects of the vibrations have to be identified. This research project on rock blasting was carried out to design a suitable indicating system to predict the ground vibrations and air blasts. In order to assess the variation of intensity of the ground vibration and the air blast over pressure, ground vibrations and air blasts results from two different types of explosives on different types of rocks were monitored. Statistical analysis of the data sets found a high level of confidence on the best fitting empirical relationship between peak particle velocity and scaled distance. By that two site-specific factors were established. A comparison of the analytical work revealed that the level of ground vibration varies significantly with the changing of charge weight per delay, explosive type, rock type and the distance from blasting point to monitoring point.
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Analysis of efficiency and impact by deck charging patterns on rock blasting at Aruwakkalu Limestone Quarry, Sri Lanka
(Department of Earth Resources Engineering, 2023-08-28) Surangani, RKH; Shanthilal, S; Sandaruwan, DLCD; Chaminda, SP; Samarakoon, KGAU; Senarathna, TMB
There is a potential to enhance both the efficiency and the quantity of explosives in limestone excavation utilising deck charge patterns in the Aruwakkalu limestone quarry in Sri Lanka. To achieve this a series of combinations with ANFO and deck charge patterns were simulated using a numerical analysis software named JKSimblast – 2D bench. This study entails simulating and validating the existing blasting geometry in the rock blasting practice. The fragmentation curves of the real world blast events were analysed and plotted using an AI platform called “Streyos”. Subsequently, the blasting geometry was optimised by adjusting the spacing and burden with different charge amounts. A comparison was made between the explosive energy distribution figures of the simulated blast with optimised blasting geometry and the deck charging blast series. To simulate the limestone condition for the rock mass, throughout different simulations, the rock specific gravity (SG) was defined as 2.6. Optimised spacing and burden for a 10.3 m deep and 72 mm diameter blast hole pattern were found as 2.9 m and 2.4 m respectively, ensuring favourable conditions with controlled ground vibration (5 mms-1) and air blast overpressure (120 dB). The optimal configuration for minimising boulder formation in the upper section of the hole was 23.17 kg of ANFO quantity per hole with a two-charge deck pattern.
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Analysis of physical and mineralogical properties of aggregate on strength and durability of asphalt concrete
(Department of Earth Resources Engineering, 2018-08) Lakshan, LPS; De Silva, SHSN; Kapilaratne, RDMCLB; Chaminda, SP; Jayawardena, CL; Abeysinghe, AMKB; Samaradivakara, GVI
Asphalt is made by mixing aggregates, filler and binder materials together according to pre-determined ratios. Out of the total asphalt weight, 94% to 95% consists of aggregate. It is not surprising that the performance of asphalt concrete mixtures is influenced by the properties of their aggregate blends, such as gradation, shape (angularity and elongation), texture (roughness) and mineralogy. In asphalt concrete, numerous studies have related gradation, shape, and texture of the aggregate to durability , workability , shear resistance, tensile strength, stiffness, fatigue response, rutting susceptibility, and optimum binder content of the mixtures. However, a few has described about the influence of mineralogy on characteristics of asphalt. This research has been carried on to make an effort to fill that gap between the aggregate mineralogical properties and the characteristics of asphalt concrete. Under the research, a number of representative aggregate samples were collected from different quarry sites which are currently used in the process of manufacturing asphalt all over the country. The samples were subjected to a series of tests in order to determine both physical and mineralogical properties. Marshall stability and flow values of the asphalt mixtures were determined to assess the properties of asphalt made using the collected aggregates. Finally, using test results, an analysis was conducted followed by the conclusions made using the test results, a set of recommendations were proposed.
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Analysis of topographic effects on tea yield in Sri Lankan tea estates using geomatics
(Department of Earth Resources Engineering, 2023-07-28) Randima, KAC; Malinga, DIGS; Kalpana, TMJ; Chaminda, SP
This research paper investigates the potential impact of hill shade on tea yield at the Dambatenne tea estate using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Drones were used to take high-resolution aerial photos of the location that was selected. The data were processed using Pix4D software to generate accurate 3D surface models, ortho mosaic maps, and vegetation indices. Additionally, the main goal of this study was to evaluate the impact of hill shade on tea yield. By analysing the obtained data, including vegetation indices derived from the multispectral imagery, the correlation between hill shade and tea yield was examined. Various mapping techniques and statistical analyses were employed to investigate this relationship. The findings suggested that there may be a relationship between hill shade and tea yield and that different levels of shading brought on by topographic characteristics may influence the development and production of tea. The findings from this research contribute to the understanding of how hill shade affects tea yield and provide insights for sustainable tea estate management practices. The results of this study are significant for tea estate owners and managers, as it highlights the importance of considering hill shade factors in optimizing tea cultivation and maximising yield.
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Analyzing the seasonal variation of groundwater characteristics in the Attanagalu Oya basin
(Department of Earth Resources Engineering, 2019-08) Athukorala, DRM; Kohilan, C; Danushka, U; Jayarathna, WHDP; Chaminda, SP; Dassanayake, ABN; Hewavidana, SM; Dissanayake, DMDOK; Samaradivakara, GVI
Gampaha district which has the second largest population in the country consists of many industrial establishments and residential areas. Attanagalu Oya Basin which almost entirely the Gampaha district is a major hydrologic feature in determining the seasonal variations of groundwater characteristics in the region. In this study, the groundwater characteristics in the Attanagalu Oya Basin analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively to identify variations in the pre and post monsoon periods. The qualitative parameters such as pH, conductance, turbidity, calcium, magnesium, nitrate, phosphorous, ferrous, and heavy metal concentrations were analyzed for samples taken throughout the entire basin for the two time periods: pre and post monsoons. The groundwater quantity variations were observed through data loggers and field surveys of water wells. These recorded values were used to model the groundwater resources in the region using two numerical models, MODFLOW by USGS and a self-written Fortran code. The qualitative and quantitative variations were then analyzed spatially and temporally to correlate with the upstream to downstream flow and the monsoonal recharge. The possible reasons for the observed trends and variations were also studied to provide recommendations for the sustainable management of the groundwater resources in the Attanagalu Oya Basin.
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analyzing the temporal variation of groundwater level in Attanagalu oya basin using numerical models
(Department of Earth Resources Engineering, University of Moratuwa, 2020-12) Vinu, I; Udayanga, RMK; Chaminda, SP; Dassanayake, ABN; Dissanayake, DMDOK; Dassanayake, ABN
Scarcity for drinking water becomes one of the enormous threats around the world due to the increase in population, climatic fluctuation and pollution. Sri Lanka is considered as a country with little or no water scarcity when reckoning the whole country as one unit. However, several local regions have been identified with temporal water scarcity. Attanagalu Oya basin which covers almost the entire Gampaha district is a major hydrologic feature in determining the groundwater characteristics of the region. In this study, the temporal groundwater variation of the Attanagalu Oya basin was quantitatively analyzed. Using the data obtained from data loggers and field surveys, a numerical model for the groundwater in the basin was designed by using two software modelling approaches, a self-written Fortran code and Visual MODFLOW by USGS. Fortran code is mainly used for runoff modelling and Visual MODFLOW is for subsurface modelling. The quantitative variation obtained from the model was then examined temporally and spatially to correlate the upstream to downstream flow and monsoonal recharging impacts. The possible reasons for the observed deterioration and variations in the groundwater quantity can be contemplated as keys to providing recommendations for sustainable management of the groundwater resources in the basin.
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Application of remote sensing and GIS techniques for exploring construction material from inaccessible terrains; case study in Eastern Province of Sri Lanka
(2013-11-11) Premasiri, HMR; Colombage, HCDP; Palamakumbure, D; Kodippili, TKA; Wickramasekara, KT; Abeysinghe, AMKB; Chaminda, SP
Demand for construction materials in the North and Eastern provinces of Sri Lanka has risen significantly due to accelerated construction work in progress to restore the destroyed infrastructures during the civil war. Ground surveying methods to locate quarries within this area are not applicable due to security reasons and the larger area to be covered. Thus a Remote Sensing method is suitable for this task. This study introduces a methodology to locate suitable quarries and sand mines for constructions in the Eastern province. LANDSAT ETM+ images were used for classification. Feasible rocks and sand deposits for quarry operations were located using Multicriteria Analysis (AHP).The highly suitable rock quarries and sand deposits were considered in closest facility analysis. The results showed that the integration of Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) can serve as an effective tool in demarcating suitable sites for construction material and this methodology can also be applied for projects of similar nature.
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Assessment of rehabilitation options for environmental impacts of abandoned mines
(Department of Earth Resources Engineering, University of Moratuwa, 2021-12) Kavirathne, SR; Udayanga, RI; Keerthi, T; Gunawardana, ADTJ; Chaminda, SP; Jayawardena, CL; Dissanayake, DMDOK; Jayawardena, CL
The quarries which are abandoned ceasing operations without a proper closure plan cause negative impacts on the environment and also risk for the health and safety of society and the economy. This research focused on the environmental aspects that are affected by abandoned quarries and a sustainable methodology to design future land use. The objective of this research is to introduce a quarry rehabilitation method that is effective and has a positive impact on the environment, and applicable for abandoned quarries in Sri Lanka. In this respect, the district of Colombo has been chosen due to its importance in social and economic aspects. The research was conducted by identifying abandoned quarries through remote sensing and geographic information system technique (RS & GIS) analysis of satellite images of the concerned area. Prioritised two quarries among identified quarries for further analysis and suggested possible rehabilitation options. According to the land use analysis around the two quarries, the better rehabilitation option is to transform the lands into a vegetation area.
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Assessment of seasonal impacts on groundwater quantity and quality in upstream of Malwathu Oya Basin
Madhushankha, JML; Madhuwan, ARB; Menan, P; Chaminda, SP; Abeysinghe, AMKB; Jayawardena, CL; ; Abeysinghe, AMKB; Dassanayake, ABN; Elakneswaran, Y
Malwathu Oya Basin which covers 2350km2 located in Anuradhapura district is considerably populated and the safety and the available quantity of water is crucial for the people. Water samples were collected from selected locations during South- West monsoon period, Second Inter monsoon period and North-East monsoon period from September 2016 to March 2017. The samples were analysed for pH, turbidity, conductivity, fluoride, chloride, magnesium and calcium as basic drinking water quality parameters. Only the shallow regolith aquifers are considered for the study. The groundwater quality variation of the area shows a considerable variation from dry season to rainy season in general water quality of the area, and is in acceptable limit for most of the basic parameters. With the seasonal changes Fluoride and Chloride content is higher than permissible limits in some areas.
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Assessment of the effect of Aruwakkalu waste dump on surrounding water resources
(Department of Earth Resources Engineering, University of Moratuwa, 2021-12) Chirantha, D; Herath, HMDK; Chandrapala, HMNI; Chaminda, SP; Dassanayake, ABN; Jayawardena, CL; Dissanayake, DMDOK; Jayawardena, CL
In developing countries like Sri Lanka, waste management is a vital necessity. Solid waste dumps play a major role in handling waste in most countries. These solid waste dumps can cause severe environmental pollution via leachate generation and transport of toxic material along with both surface and underground water flows. The Aruwakkalu waste dump, which is the subject of the study, is a sanitary landfill situated in Puttalam district, Sri Lanka. The landfill is planned to receive and store municipal solid waste (MSW) from Colombo metropolitan area. Locations for these waste dumps must be selected strategically to minimise the risk of contamination of the surrounding environment. A distributed hydrological model was used to determine the effect of rainfall, evapotranspiration, and surface runoff on the site. It identified the direction of the water flow through the waste dump. The analyses have illustrated that the area receives lesser rainfall and a higher rate of evapotranspiration. The hydrological analysis illustrates the water flow direction from the waste dump to the outside is towards the West and away from the nearby settlement areas. The results were used to assess the effect of the waste dumpsite on the surrounding water resources.
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Characterization of tsunami wave using texture & structure of sediments from South Western coast of Sri Lanka
(Department of Earth Resources Engineering, 2006-10) De Silva, RHSI; Jeyram, P; Perera, RSL; Thananchayan, A; Wickramanayake, NU; Rathnayake, NP; Premasiri, HMR; Abesinghe, AMKB; Puswewala, UGA; Karunaratne, S; Dissanayake, DMDOK; Ratnayake, N; Chaminda, SP
This research focuses on characterization of Tsunami waves by using tsunami sediments, as the only reliable source of information which a Tsunami leaves after strike are sediments. The sediments contain information about Tsunami waves which can be extracted by analyzing. The study focuses on evaluating wave height, flow velocity and wave energy by examining of the thickness, grain size distribution, sediment structures and texture of tsunami deposits. These findings can be used for the prediction of Tsunami threats and in the formulation of precautionary measurements.
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Comparative analysis of water hyacinth dynamics in North Bolgoda Lake, Sri Lanka: a classification based on high-resolution aerial imagery and satellite-imagery
(Department of Earth Resources Engineering, 2023-08-28) Dawalagala, HS; Radampola, A; Gowsigan, PT; Chaminda, SP; Dassanayake, SM; Jayawardena, CL
Water hyacinth (WH) is an invasive aquatic plant that has established its presence in tropical and subtropical regions around the globe. Its widespread existence has resulted in societal, economic, and ecological impacts that are mostly intolerable. Understanding and monitoring the spatial and seasonal dynamics of WH in the respective environments could provide insights to mitigate its environmental impact. This study attempts to identify seasonal patterns of WH within north Bolgoda Lake over four years (2019-2022). The methodology includes a pixel-based random forest (RF) classification utilising five distinct spectral indices in conjunction with raw Sentinel-2 spectral bands, operationalised through the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform. The aerial imageries were classified using Esri ArcGIS Pro software. The outcomes of this study indicate an increase of WH proliferation during the wet season (May-November) over the dry season (December- April) with an overall accuracy of 82% for aerial imagery and 98% for satellite imagery. Data fusion techniques are proposed to overcome the limitations of employing two different forms of remote sensing data individually. Despite the challenges, this study reveals important insights into the scalability of input data to specific requirements and under restricted conditions.
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Correlations between durability, mineralogy and strength properties of limestone
(Department of Earth Resources Engineering, University of Moratuwa, 2021-12) Senarathna, TMB; Janith, SHMPK; Dassanayake, ABN; Chaminda, SP; Jayawardena, CL; Dissanayake, DMDOK; Jayawardena, CL
Durability is used to depict the obstruction of rock to weathering and the pace of events of such changes. Wetting and drying cycles cause evaluation of physical changes and slaking behaviour of rocks, and that can be appraised by the slake durability test. Correlations between durability, mineralogy, and other physical-mechanical properties are different with the rock. Physical and mechanical characteristics of High-grade limestone samples and Lowgrade limestone samples from the Aruwakkalu mine were determined according to ASTM standard methods. X-ray diffractometer (XRD) analysis and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis were used to determine the mineralogical contents of the studied samples. Regression analyses were performed between the slake durability index and the physicalmechanical properties of limestones to identify the best wetting and drying cycle to assess the relationships. Differences between the physical, mechanical properties, and mineralogical contents of High-grade limestone and Low-grade limestone were also identified from the laboratory test results. Finally, this study will help to understand any rock engineering problem relating to durability, mineralogy, and other physical-mechanical properties of areas with limestone.
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Critical evaluation of industrial mineral mining methods in Sri Lanka
(Department of Earth Resources Engineering, University of Moratuwa, 2021-12) Jeewandara, JTP; Senarathna, MKT; Wickramarathna, CH; Sirisena, KMW; Hemalal, PVA; Lasantha, MML; Dharmaratne, PGR; Chaminda, SP; Jayawardena, CL; Dissanayake, DMDOK; Jayawardena, CL
Sri Lanka is rich in industrial minerals, including graphite, apatite, ilmenite, rutile, quartz, feldspar, kaolin, apatite, garnet sand, mica, calcite, and dolomite. Even though lots of mining methods are used to extract such minerals, only limited studies have been carried out in Sri Lanka to evaluate mining methods by means of main mining principles, such as safety, economy, and efficiency. This study focuses on the Bogala graphite mine, a narrow vein medium depth underground mine, and Aruwakkalu limestone open pit mine. To evaluate the overhand cut and fill mining method in Bogala mine, Equivalent Linear Overbreak or Slough (ELOS), which is a useful measurement for quantifying the unplanned dilution in narrow vein mining, is used. The favourability of the underground mining method is evaluated for a particular mine site using Key Deposit Indicators (KDIs), and it provides the best suited underground mine based on characteristics of the ore body. The fracture system presence in the Bogala mine requires a good support system to ensure the safety of underground workers. The efficiency of the loading and hauling equipment in the Aruwakkalu mine site is evaluated by Match Factor (MF).
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Delineation of potential sites for gemstone mining in Kura Ganga catchment, Ratnapura: a GIS approach
(Department of Earth Resources Engineering, 2015-07) Jaliya, RGC; Thotahewa, AHTTB; Palihakkara, CR; Siriwardena, PRR; Premasiri, HMR; Dharmaratne, PGR; Chaminda, SP; Senanayake, IP; Hemalal, PVA
Sri Lanka has been known as 'Ratnadeepa', which translates to 'Island of gems' because of the precious natural gemstones found in its gravelly soil. Even though the gem industry in Sri Lanka extends back to ancient times, studies on patterns of gemstone occurrences were rare. However, identification of potential gem bearing lands can provide guidelines in mining and land valuation. This study was carried out to identify the potential lands for gemstone mining in Kuru Ganga catchment, Ratnapura, based on patterns of gemstone occurrences and mining cost using integrated geo-spatial technologies. Fieldwork was conducted to collect gravel samples from riverbanks and gem mines. The samples were subjected to microscopic analysis to trace potential gemstones. The results obtained were combined with the data gathered from gem mines and mapped on a GIS platform to identify the occurrence patterns. Mining cost at each sampling location was estimated based on depth to the gem bearing gravel layer, "illamaSubsequently, potential lands for feasible gemstone mining were delineated through a knowledgedriven weighted analysis. The results depict that the South Western region of the Kuru Ganga catchment encompasses the highest feasibility of gem mining while North Eastern region of the catchment has the least feasibility of gemstone mining based on mining cost and values of potential gem varieties in the area.
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Demarcation of potential sites for construction material using RS and GIS techniques in Eastern Province, Sri Lanka
(Department of Earth Resources Engineering, 2010-09) Palamaumbure, D; Colombage, HDP; Kodippili, TKA; Wickramasekara, KT; Premasiri, HMR; Abeysinghe, AMKB; Chaminda, SP; Dissanayake, DMDOK; Ratnayake, NP; Abeysinghe, AMKB; Premasiri, HMR
Demand for construction materials in the Eastern province of Sri Lanka has risen significantly due to accelerated construction work in progress to restore the destroyed infrastructures during the civil war. Ground surveying methods to locate quarries within this area are not applicable due to security reasons and inaccessibility. Thus a Remote Sensing method is suitable for this task. This study introduces a methodology to locate suitable quarries and sand mines for constructions in the Eastern province. LANDSAT ETM+ images were used for classification. Feasible rocks and sand deposits for quarry operations were located using Multicriteria Analysis (AHP). Four different criteria were used by assigning weights to each criterion. Proximity to roads, construction locations, important places and land use type were the four criteria used. Rocks and sand deposits were given a map value according to the suitability and divided in to four groups. The highly suitable rock quarries and sand deposits were considered in closest facility analysis. The results showed that the integration of Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) can serve as an effective tool in demarcating suitable sites for construction material and this methodology can also be applied for projects of similar nature.
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Designing suitable mining method and processing plant for Kukurampola magnetite ore body
(Department of Earth Resources Engineering, 2006-10) Amarasekera, HM; Sajirupan, S; Senanayake, IP; Sirisoma, RHANC; Chaminda, SP; Rohitha, LPS; Welideniya, HS; Karunaratne, S; Dissanayake, DMDOK; Ratnayake, N; Chaminda, SP
Evaluation of mining methods for the exploitation of Kukurampola ore body is considered in this report. Minerals take millions of years to form, but exploitation takes only few decades. Therefore, mineral deposit is a wealth which must be used for the maximum benefit of the country. Iron is one of the most important metals in the world for many industries. Therefore, exploitation of iron ore is essential for the industrial development of a country. The Magnetite deposit in Kukurampola contains high purity Magnetite; hence it is a valuable resource need rational exploitation. Mining methods evaluated include open pit and underground, and based on geological, engineering, environmental and economical factors combination of both open pit and underground mining are considered as the most suitable mining method. Consequent to open pit mining underground mining will commence for future ore body development and exploitation. A processing method is designed to produce feed material for palletizing those will include crushing, grinding and magnetic separation. If ample deposits are found in the future, there's a possibility of constructing a palletizing plant which need ore reserves for more than 25 years. Also, occurrences of magnetite in the neighborhoods are identified for further expansion of mining operations Special consideration is given to minimize environmental impacts. Remedial methods are proposed in this report to minimize adverse environmental impacts.
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Determination of depleted rock volume in open cast mines using photogrammetric techniques for the purpose of royalty calculation
(Department of Earth Resources Engineering, University of Moratuwa, 2021-12) Ariyarathne, RCDK; Samaraweera, SACV; Maduwantha, LSE; Insaf, MJM; Hemalal, PVA; Illankoon, IMTN; Dharmaratne, PGR; Chaminda, SP; Lasantha, MML; Dissanayake, DMDOK; Jayawardena, CL
In Sri Lanka, Geological Survey and Mines Bureau (GSMB) imposed royalty levy for aggregate production volume using an equation (indirect method) which utilises the quantity of explosives for the calculation. Since the equation resulted in higher deviations and the previous studies emphasise the advantages of photogrammetric 3-dimensional (3D) modelling (direct method) when determining production volume of bench blast, the present study focus on investigating its applicability to irregular faced dynamic quarry with uneven overburden. Pre and post 3D Digital Surface Models (DSMs) of the quarry were generated using the structure from motion (SFM) algorithm with Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) positioning system and Pix4D mapper software. Golden Software Surfer 16 was used to determine depleted rock volume as the difference between pre and post 3D DSMs. Results indicate a 5.50% deviation of the proposed method from true depleted rock volume determined by truck measurements due to uncleaned quarry face during the pre-Drone survey and unaccounted soil overburden removal. Presence of overburden while generating DSMs can be overcome by pile volume estimation of overburden and decreasing it from depleted rock volume when calculating production volume. GSMB equation calculated production deviate -32% from true production due to the unaccounted explosive amounts which contributed to the production and confirm the suitability of the proposed direct method (5.5% deviation) for determining the depleted rock volume in open-cast mines.
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Determination of soil overburden on Panirendawa iron ore deposit for selection of appropriate mining method/s
(Department of Earth Resources Engineering, 2010-09) Jayathilaka, BRPM; Perera, MSR; Jayasekara, DAIA; Liyanawaduge, CY; Abeysinghe, AMKB; Premasiri, HMR; Chaminda, SP; Ratnayake, NP; Abeysinghe, AMKB; Premasiri, HMR; Karunaratne, S
Panirendawa iron deposit consists of four isolated deposits namely A, B, C and D. The deposit D has potentially high magnetite concentration according to previous data. The main objective of the study is to carry out an electrical resistivity survey to determine the overburden thickness of the deposit D using the SAS 1000 Terrameter. Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) was carried out at ten different locations around the deposit D. A single line parallel to strike was surveyed with six points of equal depth to the bed rock and the other two lines (west to east) were parallel to the dip as depth increases. The observed data were interpreted using the IX1D Interpex software in to ID and 2D formats to identify the underground layers/stratification with reference to the apparent resistivity values. The survey was preceded with mean depth about 6.5m of surface layer having about lOOOQm apparent resistivity overlying on a water baring surface with a mean thickness about 35m having about lOQm apparent resistivity; also about 41m below, the bed rock stood with an apparent resistivity about 44500m. According to present study, the most possible mining method would be underground mining.