Browsing by Author "Amarasinghe, ADUS"

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item: Thesis-Abstract
Abatement of odour from tobacco process emissions by condensation, scrubbing and biofiltration
Wijayawardhana, AJ; Amarasinghe, ADUS
A study was conducted to evaluate the removal efficiency of NH3 and Hydrogen Sulfide emitted from tobacco process emissions by infiltration. The experiments were based on testing the removal efficiency of the contaminants on four types of packing material, namely: coconut fiber/tobacco compost, peat/wood chips, garden waste compost/wood chips and inert plastic media/garden waste compost. Results indicate that maximum removal efficiencies of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide ( 100% and 100% respectively) can be achieved for coconut fiber/tobacco compost mixture while similar removal efficiencies was obtained by peat/wood chips mixture. The maximum elimination capacities for ammonia for the respective packing materials were 5.59, 7.74, 4.58 and 1.98 gm3h-1 . Hydrogen sulfide maximum elimination capacities for the same packing materials were 6.99, 9.91, 6.04 and 2.96 gm3h-1 . The study was conducted as a preliminary evaluation for selecting the most suitable packing material relevant for application in an industrial scale biofilter for the treatment of the same waste gas stream.An industrial biofilter of 23 m3 in volume, packed with a coconut fiber filter medium inoculated with tobacco compost (20% by weight) was operated for a period of 45 days. The biofilter was supplied with a humidified gas stream from. Tobacco processing with main components being ammonia and hydrogen sulfide. The flow rate of the gas stream was varied from 1160 m3h-1 to 2100 m3h-1 . Results indicated that hydrogen sulfide and ammonia were effectively removed 100% and 95% under an empty bed retention time (EBRT) of 36s and 100% and 90% under an EBRT of 20s respectively. Maximum elimination capacities of 5.9 gm-3h-1 and 27.6 gm-3h-1 were reached for an inlet loading of 1.8 gm-3h-1 and 3.8 gm-3h-1 for ammonia and hydrogen sulfide respectivelyAn industrial scale odour abatement system was designed and constructed, consisting of three units namely: condenser, scrubber and biofilter, the latter acting as the major unit of the system. The gas passes initially through a shell and tube heat exchanger giving moderate pollutant removal (7% ammonia). The gas stream is then directed to a packed column scrubber where average removal of 85% ammonia and greater than 19% hydrogen sulfide was achieved. The two layer biofilter unit (24m3 in total volume) was packed only in a single layer (11.65 m3 in volume) with a mixture of coconut fiber and tobacco compost (90/1 0 (w/w)) and was used to polish off remaining hydrogen sulfide completely while more than 95% of ammonia removal overall was achieved, resulting in a non odourous gas stream emitting to the atmosphere at ambient temperature. To our knowledge, this is the first waste gas treatment system employing the tricombination of condensation, scrubbing and biofiltration for the removal of odourous contaminants from tobacco waste gas.
item: Thesis-Abstract
Abatement of odour from tobacco process emissions by condensation, scrubbing and biofiltration
Wijayawardhana, AJ; Amarasinghe, ADUS
A study was conducted to evaluate the removal efficiency of NH3 and Hydrogen Sulfide emitted from tobacco process emissions by biofiltration. The experiments were based on testing the removal efficiency of the contaminants on four types of packing material, namely: coconut fiber/tobacco compost, peat/wood chips, garden waste compost/wood chips and inert plastic media/garden waste compost. Results indicate that maximum removal efficiencies of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide (100% and 100% respectively) can be achieved for coconut fiber/tobacco compost mixture while similar removal efficiencies was obtained by peat/wood chips mixture. The maximum elimination capacities for ammonia for the respective packing materials were 5.59, 7.74, 4.58 and 1.98 gm3h-1. Hydrogen sulfide maximum elimination capacities for the same packing materials were 6.99, 9.91, 6.04 and 2.96 gm3h-1 . The study was conducted as a preliminary evaluation for selecting the most suitable packing material relevant for application in an industrial scale biofilter for the treatment of the same waste gas stream. An industrial biofilter of 23 m3 in volume, packed with a coconut fiber filter medium inoculated with tobacco compost (20% by weight) was operated for a period of 45 days. The biofilter was supplied with a humidified gas stream from tobacco processing with main components being ammonia and hydrogen sulfide. The flow rate of the gas stream was varied from 1160 m3h-1 to 2100 m3h-1 . Results indicated that hydrogen sulfide and ammonia were effectively removed 100% and 95% under an empty bed retention time (EBRT) of 36s and 100% and 90% under an EBRT of 20s respectively. Maximum elimination capacities of 5.9 gm-3h-1and 27.6 gm-3h-1 were reached for an inlet loading of 1'-·8gm-3h-1and 3.8"gm-3h-1 for ammonia and hydrogen sulfide respectively. An industrial scale odour abatement system was designed and constructed, consisting of three units namely: condenser, scrubber and biofilter, the latter acting as the major unit of the system. The gas passes initially through a shell and tube heat exchanger giving moderate pollutant removal (7% ammonia). The gas stream is then directed to a packed column scrubber where average removal of 85% ammonia and qreater Jhan 19% "hydrogen sulfide was achieved. The two layer biofilter unit (24 m3 in total volume) was packed only in a single layer (11.65 m3 in volume) with a mixture of coconut fiber and tobacco compost (90/10 (w/w)) and was used to polish' off remaining hydrogen sulfide completely while more than 95% of ammonia removal overall was achieved, resulting in a non odourous gas stream emitting to the atmosphere at ambient temperature. To our knowledge, this is the first waste gas treatment system employing the tri combination of condensation, scrubbing and biofiltration for the removal of odourous contaminants from tobacco waste gas
item: Conference-Extended-Abstract
Air drying alkyd resins from seed oil of kara wi la MC43
(2007) Prashantha, MAB; Prernachandra, JK; Amarasinghe, ADUS
Alkyd resins are a special family of polyesters which are mainly limited in application of surface coatings. The popularity of alkyd resins in surface coating industry throughout the world is due to cost effectiveness and versatility. Synthesis process of alkyd resins needs basically three different types of chemical constituents. One type of constituent is polyol with hydroxyl functionality greater than 2 and second constituent is polybasic acid or acid anhydride. Usually most of conventional alkyd recipes contain glycerol and pthalic anhydride. Fatty oils having considerable amount of unsaturated fatty acids are the third type of raw material for air drying alkyd resins.
item: Conference-Full-text
Characterising the drying behaviour of microwave assisted drying of coconut chips
(IEEE, 2021-07) Muhammed Aadhil, MFH; Amarasinghe, ADUS; Narayana, M; Adhikariwatte, W; Rathnayake, M; Hemachandra, K
Drying is the most critical unit operation in coconut oil and desiccated coconut industry. Different technologies are used for drying coconut chips and hot air drying is the most popular method. Microwave (MW) drying has gained attention in many process industries due to its faceted benefits. This study examines the critical parameters governing the microwave drying of coconut chips. Sliced coconut chips of 1cm×1cm×1cm were used. The effect of the two independent variables MW Power (100 W, 180 W, 300 W) and Mass Loading rate (20 g, 40 g, 60 g, 80 g, 100 g) on three response variables, moisture content, drying time and drying rate was examined. Air velocity of 0.6 m/s was circulated in the drying chamber to ensure convective mass transfer. The ratio of Microwave Power to the Mass Loading was found to define two distinct regions for selecting the mass loading for a given microwave power. At high MW power to mass loadings, the total drying time was found to be constant against the mass loading while at low MW power to mass loadings, the total drying time was found to increase with the mass loading for a given MW power. Considering both statistical conformity ( R2>0.995 , SSE and RMSE close to zero) and the simplicity together, Page model was identified as the best thin layer drying model for describing the Microwave Assisted Air Drying of coconut chips.
item: Thesis-Abstract
Characterization and evaluation of starch xanthide encased powdered natural rubber
Maduwage, S; Amarasinghe, ADUS; Subramaniam, K
Rubber as a free-flowing powder, is essential in order to stream line the manufacturing processes of rubber goods. The previous works noted the importance of using powdered rubber as a competitive raw material for continuous processing in rubber industry. However, in most of these works, the study was continued to the synthetic rubbers and only a few had been reported on the natural rubber. Sri Lanka which is an agricultural based country, has a bulk quantity of natural rubber field latex at a low price. Hence, it is worthwhile to produce a value-added product like powdered rubber using field latex. Encapsulation is a common process in preparing powdered natural rubber. In this process, starch xanthate, SX, which acts as a diluent/reinforcing filler, behaves as an encapsulating agent for latex particles. The level of encapsulation as well as the properties of the resulting powder is highly dependent on the strength and the amount of the SX solution. The present work investigates these effects with varying strength of SX by changing the degrees of substitution, DS, of the SX solution and also the loading of the SX. The lower and the upper limits of DS of SX examined were 0.07 and 0.35 and the results suggested that the intermediate DS levels were more promising. The physical properties of the final vulcanizates were found to be satisfactory and were comparable with the rubbers available in the market. Study on drying techniques established the necessity of water washing step for natural rubber powders to remove non-rubber substances and the applicltion of an anti-cake agent to prevent agglomeration during drying. The effect of different anti-cake agents such as zinc stearate, talc powder and whiting was examined and zinc stearate was found to be the best out of the anti-cake agents used. Highly friable crumbs that ground readily to give powders were obtained with oven drying rather than with sun drying.
item: Conference-Extended-Abstract
Comparative performance of bio filter packing materials for waste gas treatment
(2009) Wijayawardhana, AJ; Wijeyekoon, SLJ; Walpalage, S; Amarasinghe, ADUS
A study was conducted to evaluate the removal efficiency of NH3 and H2S emitted from an industrial waste gas source by biofiltration. Four types of packing material were used and NH3 and H2S in the contaminated air stream, ranged between 43-90 ppm and 70-100 ppm respectively. The experiments were carried out over an effective period of 45 .days. Results indicate that 100% removal efficiencies of NH3 and H2S can be achieved for coconut fiber/tobacco compost and peat/wood chips mediums.
item: Article-Abstract
Composition, physical properties and drying characteristics of seed oil of Momordica Charantia cultivated in Sri Lanka
Prashantha, MAB; Premachandra, BAJK; Amarasinghe, ADUS
Karawila (Momordica charantia), also known as bitter gourd, is widely used as a food and a medicine in Asian countries. Representative samples of the seeds of the most abundant cultivar (MC43) in Sri Lanka were collected. The kernel represented 60 ± 4.7% of the seed by dry weight basis. The oil content of the dry kernel was 40.45 ± 3.12%. The seed oil was rich in a-eleosteric acid (50.04 ± 4.80%) and three other geometrical isomers of 9,11,13-octadecatrienoic acid that constituted 6.55%. The acid value, the saponification value and the iodine value were 2.73 ± 0.876, 190.70 ± 1.82 mg/g and 115.96 ± 3.46 cg/g, respectively. The set-to-touch drying time of 3 h observed for the seed oil of MC43 was significantly less than that of linseed oil (13 h). The presence of a high amount of conjugated octadecatrienoic acids, low acid value, high saponification value, moderate iodine value and the low set-to-touch drying time are promising indicators of the potential of karawila seed oil as a good drying oil for the paint and coating industry.
item: Article-Abstract
Design and performance of an industrial scale biofilter for odorous gas treatment
(2016-05-24) Wijayawardhana, AJ; Wijeyekoon, SLJ; Walpalage, S; Amarasinghe, ADUS
Odorous gas treatment is a challenging task due to the difficulties in identifying odor specific gases and their varied characteristics. A bio filter was designed for the treatment of waste gas stream from a tobacco leaf processing factory that discharged a high temperature gas stream from drying chambers with characteristics of tobacco odor. Major constituents of the foul smelling gas (gas flow rate of 1160 - 2100 rn'lr1) were identified and quantified using thin film micro sensors and was found to constitute mainly ammonia (60 - 80 ppm (v/v)) and hydrogen sulfide (80 -100 ppm (v/v)) after pre-treatment. A bio filter unit (11.65 m3 in volume) with a mixture of coconut fiber and compost as filter media was used to treat the odorous gases which eliminated the hydrogen sulfide completely while removing more than 80% of ammonia at the EBRT of 36 (s), producing a non odorous gas stream. The pH (6.5-7.5) and moisture (60 -65%) were kept at optimum levels to facilitate microbial growth and minimal pressure drops within the system. This paper details design, construction, operation, performance monitoring aspects involved in bio filtration in an industrial scale application and recommend many practical engineering solutions in its application.
item: Article-Abstract
Design of a solar hybrid dryer for copra drying
(2016-05-24) Udana, HPK; Amarasinghe, ADUS
A small scale, forced convection, solar-biomass hybrid dryer for drying copra has been designed, fabricated and tested for drying copra. The dryer is consisted with a solar air heater, a biomass-stove heat exchanger and a drying chamber. The biomass consumption of the dryer was found to be reduced by more than 60% when the solar air heater was in operation. The reduction of moisture content of copra from 50% to 7% was recorded after 32, 35 and 37 hours at drying temperatures of 72°C, 60°C and 55°C, respectively. The highest percentages of brown copra (13.33%) and low grade copra (1.67%) were recorded at 72°C and the remaining copra was either white or light brown. More than 75% of white copra could be produced by maintaining the drying temperatures below 60°C. Colorless coconut oil with good quality could be extracted mechanically by using both white copra and light brown copra obtained from hybrid drying.
item: Conference-Extended-Abstract
Design of an effective heat exchanger for cinnamon oil extraction
(2007) Silva, MD; Amarasinghe, ADUS
Lack of knowledge in heat exchanger design and fabrication is the major hindrance for improving the cinnamon oil extraction process in Sri Lanka. Most of the extraction plants use submerged coils in still water where the temperature approach is not sufficient enough to have efficient heat transfer resulting in using of large heat transfer areas unnecessarily. Further due to poor heat transfer efficiencies, most of the highly volatile compounds in the essential oils escape to atmosphere without been condensed.
item: Conference-Extended-Abstract
Design of an industrial scale biofiltration system
(2009) Wijayawardhana, AJ; Wijekoon, SLJ; Walpolage, S; Amarasinghe, ADUS
An industrial scale waste gas treatment system was designed and constructed at a Tobacco Processing Factory. The treatment system consisted of three units namely: condenser, scrubber and bio fdter, the latter acting as the major unit of the system. The major constituents of the foul smelling gas were found to be ammonia ( 400 — 500 ppm (v/v)) and hydrogen sulfide (> 100 ppm (v/v)). Complete removal of hydrogen sulfide and 95% removal of ammonia were achieved.
item: Article-Abstract
Designing a small scale industrial type vacuum distillation column that based on laboratory and pilot plant studies
Wickramasinghe, PMYG; Walpalage, S; Amarasinghe, ADUS
Rolling oil is used in packaging industry Abstract: for cooling and lubricating rolling sheets during production process. However, the properties of the rolling oil changes with time and that becomes unsuitable for the. use. This study was conducted to find out the applicability of vacuum distillation process for purifying the rolling oil and to design a small scale industrial type vacuum distillation column. At laboratory scale, the oil properties were significantly improved when the used oil was distilled under vacuum. However, it was difficult to investigate the packing material parameters and number of theoretical plates in the laboratory scale vacuum distillation unit. Therefore, a pilot scale vacuum distillation unit was fabricated and tested to identify the number of theoretical plates required to reach the final quality of rolling oil. The optimum purity was reached with a column height of 2800 mm and 25 mm ceramic raschig rings as a packing material. Further increase in the height of the column gave no significant improvement and the number of theoretical plate corresponding to the column height of 2800mm was 5. Data obtained in the pilot study was subsequently used to design a industrial scale plant.
item: Article-Abstract
Designing a small scale industrial type vacuum distillation column that based on laboratory and pilot plant studies
(2016-05-24) Wickramasinghe, PMYG; Amarasinghe, ADUS; Walpalage, S
Rolling oil is used in packaging industry for cooling and lubricating rolling sheets during production process. However, the properties of the rolling oil changes with time and that becomes unsuitable for the use. This study was conducted to find out the applicability of vacuum distillation process for purifying the rolling oil and to design a small scale industrial type vacuum distillation column. At laboratory scale, the oil properties were significantly improved when the used oil was distilled under vacuum. However, it was difficult to investigate the packing material parameters and number of theoretical plates in the laboratory scale vacuum distillation unit. Therefore, a pilot scale vacuum distillation unit was fabricated and tested to identify the number of theoretical plates required to reach the final quality of rolling oil. The optimum purity was reached with a column height of 2800 mm and 25 mm ceramic raschig rings as a packing material. Further increase in the height of the column gave no significant improvement and the number of theoretical plate corresponding to the column height of 2800mm was 5. Data obtained in the pilot study was subsequently used to design a industrial scale plant.
item: Conference-Extended-Abstract
Devulcanization of sulfur vulcanized natural rubber using ultrasonic technology
(2002) Maduwage, S; Amarasinghe, ADUS; Munindradasa, DAI
The presence of infusible and insoluble strong three-dimensional chemical networks in waste and used vulcanized rubbers creates a major issue. The development of a suitable technology to reverse the vulcanization process has been an important necessity for the rubber industry over last few decades.
item:
Drying characteristics of orthodox broken type tea
(2015-06-15) Raveendran, K; Amarasinghe, ADUS; Botheju, WS; ;
Drying characteristic of Orthodox broken type tea was examined using a laboratory-scale fluid bed tea dryer. Drying experiments were carried out at loading of 29 kg/m2 and moisture content of tea was reduced from 106% to 7% on dry basis. Hot air temperature was varied in the range of 108 - 127 °C as applicable for industrial type tea dryers. Semi-theoretical thin-layer drying models of Lewis, Henderson and Pabis, Logarithmic, Page, Modified Page and Two-term exponential model were tested. Page model gave better predictions than other models, and satisfactorily described drying characteristics of Orthodox broken type tea. Results suggested that internal mass transfer resistance has fully controlled the drying process after 4 minutes of drying. The effective diffusivity of water in tea during latter stage of drying was found to be 3.796 x 10-11 (m/s) and 5.062 x 10-11 (m/s) at hot air temperatures in the range of 108–121 °C and 124–127°C respectively. An empirical model was proposed to describe the variation of moisture content with tea-bed temperature and the predicted values were in close agreement with the measured data. The bulk density of the tea bed was found to increase with time and that might have reduced the channeling effect during latter stages of drying.
item: Thesis-Full-text
Drying kinetics of coir pith and the performance in flash drying
Fernando, JAKM; Amarasinghe, ADUS; Jayasundara, JMMA
Drying and retting can be identified as the most important factors affecting the quality variations in dried coir pith which directly affects the final quality of compressed coir pith products. A pilot scale flash dryer was designed and fabricated to examine the effect of hot air temperature and velocity on the drying behavior of coir pith. Hot air drying was carried out to examine the drying kinetics by allowing the coir pith particles to fluidize and circulate inside the drying chamber. The physico-chemical properties of volume expansion ratio (VE), water retention capacity (WRC), bulk density, pH and electrical conductivity (EC) of compressed coir pith discs were measured. Scanning electron microscopy was used to analyze the microstructures of dried coir pith. The results were compared with the two other drying techniques namely sun drying and oven drying. The effect of time duration for retting and the method of retting the coconut husk were also examined. The optimum temperature for coir pith drying was found to be 140 C. The most suitable range of particle size and the range of moisture content in dried coir pith were identified as 0.5 – 6.3 mm and 12 - 23% (w/w, dry basis) respectively. The VE, WRC, pH and EC of coir pith dried in the flash dryer at the optimum temperature of 140 C was found to be 5.01 ± 0.21, 4.02 ± 0.10 (w/w), 5.95 ± 0.08 and 330 ± 16 μs/cm respectively. These values were comparable with those of the sundried coir pith. Oven drying caused rupturing the cells and case hardening of coir pith. Similar effect was observed with temperatures > 140 C for hot air drying and flash drying. VE and WRC of coco discs were found to increase significantly, pH to change marginally and EC to drop significantly with the increase of retting time. The effective moisture diffusivity was found to increase from 1.18 × 10-8 to 1.37 × 10-8 m2/s with the increase of hot air velocity from 1.4 to 2.5 m/s respectively. Correlation analysis and residual plots were used to determine the adequacy of existing mathematical models for describing the drying behavior of coir pith using hot air. A new mathematical model was proposed and it gave the best correlation between observed and predicted moisture ratio with high value of coefficient of determination (R2) and lower values of root mean square error (RMSE), reduced chi-square (χ2) and mean relative deviation (E %). Wang and Singh model and Linear model were also found to be adequate for accurate prediction of drying behavior of coir pith. Since the experimental setup of this study closely simulated the particle motion and heat and mass transfer in flash drying due to induced fluidization and circulation, the new model has a great potential in designing and modeling of the flash drying of coir pith.
item: Thesis-Abstract
Effect of drying temperature on the composition of hydro distilled cinnamon bark oil
(2015-06-26) Kumarage, NDI; Amarasinghe, ADUS
Cinnamon (Cinnamomum Zeylanicum) is an endemic plant popularly known as “Kurundu” in Sri Lanka. Cinnamon yields mainly cinnamon leaf oil and cinnamon bark oil. Cinnamon bark oil produces by processing dried cinnamon chips. Composition of cinnamon bark oil varies due to many factors including the type and quality of cinnamon chips. Good quality cinnamon chips can be produced by uniform drying. Present study examines the effect of air drying temperature during pre processing of cinnamon chips on the volatile organic compounds of cinnamon bark oil extracted by the method of hydro-distillation of cinnamon chips. Laboratory scale tunnel dryer fitted with an electrical heater was used to dry cinnamon chips at five different air drying temperatures; ambient temperature, 35 °C, 40 °C, 45 °C and 50 °C. The extracted cinnamon bark oil was analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 16 compounds were identified, cinnamaldehyde-E, cinnamyl acetate, linalool and eugenol, in that order, being the main volatile organic compounds. Results indicated that air drying temperature of cinnamon chips significantly altered the composition of cinnamon bark oil. Percentage of Cinnamaldehyde-E increased with the increase in drying temperature. High percentage of monoterpenes, cinnamaldehyde and cinnamaldehyde derivatives such as cinnamyl acetate, and 2-methoxy-cinnamaldehyde was observed at low temperature drying. Increase in drying temperature resulted in substantial losses in certain oxygenated terpenes and sesquiterpene. The percentage of cinnamaldehyde-E could be substantially increased by hot air drying but at the expense of oil yield. Keywords: Bark oil, air drying, volatile organic compounds, cinnamon chips
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Effect of drying temperature on the volatile components of cinnamon bark
(2015-06-19) Kumarage, NDI; Amarasinghe, ADUS
Composition of cinnamon bark oil varies due to many factors including the type and quality of cinnamon chips. Good quality cinnamon chips can be produced by uniform drying. Present study examines the effect of air drying temperature of cinnamon chips on the volatile components of cinnamon bark oil extracted by the method of hydro-distillation. Laboratory scale tunnel dryer fitted with an electrical heater was used to dry cinnamon chips at five different air drying temperatures; ambient temperature, 35 °C, 40 °C, 45 °C and 50 °C. The extracted cinnamon bark oil was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 16 compounds were identified, cinnamaldehyde-E, cinnamyl acetate, linalool and eugenol, in that order, being the main components. Cinnamon chips could be air dried at 35 °C without significantly (at a=0.05) affecting the quality. The effect of hot air drying at temperatures above 35 °C on the volatile components of cinnamon bark oil was found to be significant at a=0.05. Increase in air drying temperature resulted in substantial losses in concentrations of certain monoterpenes, oxygenated terpenes and sesquiterpenes. The percentage of cinnamaldehyde-E could be substantially increased by hot air drying but at the expense of oil yield.
item: Article-Abstract
Effect of evaporation on sugar content of coconut water in desiccated coconut industry
(2016-05-24) Jayakody, JRUC; Amarasinghe, ADUS; Gunawardena, SHP
Coconut (Cocos nucifera L) water is the main constituent in the waste water of desiccated coconut industry. The high COD values of coconut water, 40000 mg/ Z, is the main reason for having significantly high COD levels, 17000-20000 mg/Z, in the effluent which has to be treated to meet the discharge water standards. Coconut water is found to be rich in sugar and nutrition but limited in industrial application due to its low concentration. The volume and sugar concentration of coconuts used in desiccated coconut industry in Sri Lanka was examined and the effect of evaporation on the total sugar content was evaluated. The average volume was found to be 124 mZ/coconut. A significant difference in average sugar concentration was observed for north western region, 32.567g/Z and southern region, 19.455 g/Z. Coconut water was concentrated by evaporating at 3 different pressures; vacuum of 47.4 k Pa, atmospheric pressure of 101.3 kPa and high pressure of 198.6 kPa. Coconut water was sterilized completely during evaporation at atmospheric pressure and high pressure. The degradation of sugar was increased with the increase of both pressure and concentration levels. pH level was decreased and the insoluble solid weight was increased with the increase in concentration level.
item: SRC-Report
Effect of karawila (MC43) seed oil on the film properties of alkyd resins prepaired from Soya oil
Amarasinghe, ADUS
Blending of fatty oils is commonly practiced in surface coating industry to obtain good performance levels of alkyd resins. Haseebuddin et al. [7] showed that better performance could be achieved when soya bean oil is blended with dehydrated castor oil. The presence of higher amount of unsaturation in karawila seed oil is expected to give better performance in long oil alkyd resins.