R4TLI - 2023

Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://192.248.9.226/handle/123/21356

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Browsing R4TLI - 2023 by Author "De Silva, DAM"

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    Avocados crossing borders: logistics and transportation issues in avocado supply chain in Sri Lanka
    (Sri Lanka Society of Transport and Logistics, 2023-08-26) Senevirathne, MMSC; De Silva, DAM; Gunaruwan, TL
    This study mainly attempts the logistics and transportation issues in avocado supply chain in Sri Lanka. Data collection was done in the main Avocado growing areas; Matale, Kandy, Badulla, Bandarawela and Gampaha Districts in Sri Lanka representing 30% avocado growers and 70% intermediaries. The Sri Lankan Avocado production is mainly relied on home gardening and distinguished by wide varieties in avocado cultivars. According to the result of the study the main logistics and transportation issues were identified as inappropriate harvesting practices, packing, postharvest management, temperature management, inappropriate transportation, and storage conditions. The study suggests reducing the logistics and transportation problems through introducing commercial cultivation and increasing technologies for harvesting, storing, packaging and transportation. Furthermore, the study suggests developing a commercial verity as "Hash" in order to gain entry into the international market. To reduce avocado post-harvest losses, it is suggested to invest into value addition products like avocado oil and researches. Most crucially, the study highlights the necessity for greater government attention on Avocado supply chain development.
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    By catch, depredation & authenticity of tuna value chain
    (Sri Lanka Society of Transport and Logistics, 2023-08-26) Liyanage, U; Bandara, AMSMRSG; De Silva, DAM; Gunaruwan, TL
    Tuna long liners play a very important role in the export-oriented fisheries sector in Sri Lanka while contributing a reasonable foreign income to the country. Hence, the objectives of the study were to investigate the issues of by-catch, depredation, and authenticity of the export-oriented tuna value chain while exploring the transport and logistics issues of tuna supplies and to propose strategies to overcome the issues identified. Primary data was collected from fishers in two fisheries harbors, Dikkowita and Gandara, in the Western and Southern provinces, respectively. A pre-tested, structured questionnaire was administered to the fishermen who used to fish in the high seas and the Exclusive Economic Zone. Boat owners or crew members of multiday fishing boats (IMUL) were interviewed monthly, covering 20% of the boats in each harbor. The depredation index was 15.60, with an attack interval of 3.46 and a damage rate of 0.29. Issues such as depredation of attached hooks or bait, hooking of unwanted catch, dissolving of fish schools, wastage of time, fuel, and energy, and loss of moral strength among fishers were recorded. The unwanted by-catch, such as sea turtles, sharks, seabirds, and sailfish, reduced the harvest, while these non-targeted damages adversely impacted marine life. As suggested solutions to overcome the issues, dolphin pingers could be used to repel the harmful cetacean species, the crew members could be trained for cetacean identification and record keeping, and satellite tagging could be used to closely monitor the predatory species.
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    Good teas cannot be produced from badly handled leaf: role of transport and logistics on green leaf supply chain
    (Sri Lanka Society of Transport and Logistics, 2023-08-26) Jayasinghe, MAEK; De Silva, DAM; Gunaruwan, TL
    The final quality of tea depends basically on the chemical composition of raw tea leaves. Different types of chemical reactions occur in the fresh leaves after harvesting, such as sugar compounds are decomposed with the respiration process and release a high amount of heat and leading to degrade. This study focused to identify quantity and quality loss of green leaf supply chain, find out socio – economic issues of not following standard operating procedures recommended (SOPs) and good practices, lessons learnt from field. This study is based on primary data collected through structured questionnaires, in-depth interviews with key supply chain actors, non-participatory observations of tea lands, collecting centers, various marketplaces, processing factories, export processing firms and institutions of the enabling environment of the agricultural value and supply chains in Badulla, Kandy, Matale, Galle, Matara and Rathnapura districts. The results revealed that the quantity and quality losses of green leaf supply may occur from plucking, bagging, collecting, transportation, bad weather and type of plucker (trained or untrained). During the rush cropping periods post-harvest losses may increase due to the inadequate labor for plucking and operations, Inadequate leaf bags for managing large tea leaf volumes, and inadequate leaf transport facilities and it leads to increase the quality and quantity losses of green leaf supply chain. Inadequate labor is a significant issue in the tea sector, and the failure to follow recommended SOPs results in low-quality tea leaves. Consequently, this leads to marketability issues, low wages, health and safety problems, inadequate sanitation, and poverty etc. This study recommends to maintain good communication and productive relationships among all parties of the supply chain, supplying better technology, value-adding through product upgrading to minimize the economic losses.
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    Traditional confectionary industry prospect and logistic challenges
    (Sri Lanka Society of Transport and Logistics, 2023-08-26) Biyagama, KK; Wijesekara, KS; De Silva, DAM; Gunaruwan, TL
    The traditional confectionery industry has been around for centuries and remains a popular industry with a promising future. According to Statista market insight, revenue in the Confectionery market amounts to US$2.63bn in 2023. The market is expected to grow annually by 11.84% (CAGR 2023-2028). This study aimed to explore the traditional confectionary industry in Sri Lanka to find out the impact of logistic and transport challenges of traditional confectionary industry. Such as supply chain disrupt decline production volume, shortages of raw materials, and difficulties in transporting goods due to high fuel cost, storage and warehousing challenges due to lack of resources with import barriers. Market ethnography was performed to investigate the typology of confectionary makers, status of marketing mix elements, consumer attitudes and behaviors on traditional confectionaries and logistic challenges. Quantitative literature analysis explored the prospects and logistic challenges facing the traditional confectionery industry. The findings indicate that the traditional confectionary industry in Sri Lanka has promising prospects due to increasing demand from both domestic and overseas ethnic markets. The industry faces several logistic challenges, including maintain safety and quality standards, packaging solutions, trained confectionary makers, access to ingredients, high cost of production, inadequate transportation infrastructure, lack of cold storage facilities, and poor retailer support. Positive consumer trend, health concerns, area wise consumer base and pricing strategies were identified as industry prospects. Product and process innovations and improvement was highlighted as an essential sector for the industry sustainability.
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    Transparency and authenticity of mango supply chain
    (Sri Lanka Society of Transport and Logistics, 2023-08-26) Madumalka, HWK; Sandamith, WM; De Silva, DAM; Gunaruwan, TL
    The mango industry faces challenges due to the perishability of fruits, seasonality, and high demand in processing and fresh fruit markets. To ensure product authenticity, tracing methods are crucial. This study examines the existing traceability system and authenticity while identifying logistics gaps in the mango supply chain. Research focused to develop a block chain-based method to enhance quality, safety authenticity and returns of mango value chain. Primary data collection comprised of environmental scanning, institutional analysis, and participatory approaches. 74 respondents mango value chain included into the sample. Qualitative tools and descriptive statistics were utilized to assess traceability. Results showed that export-oriented mango value chains, especially TJC mangoes, maintained safety, quality standards, and traceability. However, fresh mangoes for local markets and processing lacked similar measures. Poor postharvest management and contamination issues, notably with ripening agents, significantly impacted the safety and quality of the fruits. Exporters demonstrated tracing capabilities up to the collection agency level using stickers with quality information. Common logistics issues included limited awareness among value chain actors, poor communication between nodes, and information asymmetry were key barriers. This study underscores the need to improve traceability, safety, and quality standards in the mango supply chain. Implementing block chain technology could address these challenges and enhance efficiency, transparency, and trust throughout the industry, benefiting all stakeholders.